Inciting Hatred or Merely Engaging in Religious Debate?

Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC), Isma-Listen: National Consultations on Eliminating Prejudice Against Arab and Muslim Australians (2004) [2.2.1.1], [2.2.3].

Ibid [2.1].

See Aisbett Norman , ‘Hatred Laws a Vexed Issue’, The West Australian (Perth), 13 November 2004, 47.

Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Living with Racism: The Experience and Reporting by Arab Muslim Australians of Discrimination, Abuse and Violence Since 11 September 2001 (2004) 16.

See Australian Arabic Council, Impact of the Israeli-Palestinian Crisis on Arabic Australians (2002) <www.aac.org.au/media.php?ArtID=7> at 2 June 2005.

HREOC, Isma-Listen, above n 1, Independent Research: Part 1 Survey.

Ibid, [3.1.1].

Jones Melinda , ‘Empowering Victims of Racism By Outlawing Spirit-Murder’ (1994) 19(1) Australian Journal of Human Rights 1, 10 where she cites Patricia Williams.

HREOC, Isma-Listen, above n 1, [1.2.2.2].

Ibid, [3.2].

Ibid, [5.3.1]

Matsuda M , ‘Public Response to Hate Speech: Considering the Victim's Story’ (1989) 87 Michigan Law Review 2320.

Ibid 2374.

Jayasuriya Laksiri , The Law and Racism: Some Reflections on the Australian Experience (1995) 16.

See Australian Arabic Council, Where to From Here? Strategies to Combat Racial Vilification (2001) <www.aac.org.au/media.php?ArtID=7> at 2 June 2005.

See, eg, Equal Opportunity Commission of Victoria, Diversity Victoria Education Kit (2000) <www.standuptoracism.com.au/pdf/diversityvictoriakit.pdf> at 2 June 2005.

Ibid.

Jayasuriya , above n 14, 15.

Ibid 15.

HREOC, Isma-Listen, above n 1, [5.1.1.2].

See, eg, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Article 18: Freedom of Religion and Belief (1998); Racial and Religious Hatred Bill 2003 [No.2] (Cth); Equal Opportunity Commission of Western Australia, Racial and Religious Vilification Consultation Paper (2004); Equal Opportunity Commission of South Australia, Urgent Government Action Needed to Counter Racial and Religious Vilification in Wake of War in Iraq (2003) <www.eoc.sa.gov.au/access/iraq.html> at 2 June 2005.

Except in Victoria with its enactment of the Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 (ss 8, 25), in Queensland with its enactment of the Anti-Discrimination Amendment Act 2001 (ss 124A, 131A) and in Tasmania with the Anti-Discrimination Act 1998 (s 19(d))(there are no equivalent criminal laws).

HROEC, Article 18, above n 21, 131 citing Ewan Gellert Submission R/112.

Concerned Christian Growth Ministries Inc, Submission: Racial and Religious Vilification (2004) 3 <http://www.ccgm.org.au/articles/article-0099.htm> at 22 May 2005.

Ibid.

Aisbett Norman , ‘“Hypocrisy” to drop religious hate redress’, The West Australian (Perth), 10 November 2004, 32.

See, eg, Amor Abdelfattah , ‘Racial Discrimination and Religious Discrimination: Identification and Measures’ UN Doc A/CONF.189/PC.1/7, 13 April 2000; Solomon T , ‘Problems in Drafting Legislation Against Racist Activities’ (1994) 19 Australian Journal of Human Rights 1.

HREOC, Isma-Listen, above n 1, 3.

Christian Growth Ministries Inc, above n 24, 5. There has also been a heated reaction to a recent decision under the Victorian Legislation. See <http://theage.com.au/articles/2005/06/22/1119321771552.html> and <http://www.catchthefire.com.au/courtupdate27_decisions,reponses,etc.html>.