The Sovereignty Stratagem

Australia has also recognised the competence of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the Committee against Torture. Australia has so far elected not to recognise the competence of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, the Sub-Committee on the Prevention of Torture or the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and their Families.

Falk Richard , Human Rights Horizons (2000) 57.

Young v Australia, Communication No 941/2000, UN Doc CCPR/C/78/D/941/2000 (2003); Cabal and Bertran v Australia, Communication No 1020/2001, UN Doc CCPR/C/78/D/1020/2001 (2003); Baban v Australia, Communication No 1014/2001, UN Doc CCPR/C/78/D/1014/2001 (2003).

Toonen v Australia , Communication No 488/1992, UN Doc CCPR/C/50/D/488/1992 (1994).

Attorney General the Hon Daryl Williams and Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs the Hon Philip Ruddock, ‘Australian Government Responds to the UN Human Rights Committee’ (Press Release, 17 December 1997).

CERD, Communication No. 26/2002, UN Doc CERD/C/62/D/26/2002 (2002).

Concluding Observations by the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination: Australia, CERD/C/304/Add.101, 19 April 2000.

ABC Television, ‘Treaty Stand’, Lateline, 29 August 2000 <http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/s168973.htm>.

ABC Radio, ‘The Hon John Howard MP, Radio Interview with Sally Sara’, AM Programme, 18 February 2000 <http://www.pm.gov.au/news/interviews/2000/AM1802.htm>.

ABC Television, ‘The Hon John Howard MP, Television Interview with Kerry O'Brien’, 7.30 Report, 30 August 2000 <http://www.pm.gov.au/news/interviews/2000/interview428.htm>.

ABC Radio, above n 9.

Wright Lincoln , ‘Howard Softens Stand on UN’, The Canberra Times, 3 April 2000.

ABC Television, ‘Australia Headed for Bottom of the Human Rights Barrel’, 7.30 Report, 31 March 2000 <http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/stories/s115193.htm>.

Young, above n 3; Cabal, above n 3; Baban, above n 3; Love v Australia, Communication No 983/2001, UN Doc CCPR/C/77/D/983/2001 (2002); C v Australia, Communication No 900/1999, UN Doc CCPR/C/76/D/900/1999 (2002); Rogerson v Australia, Communication No. 802/1998, UN Doc CCPR/C/74/D/802/1998 (2002); Winata v Australia, Communication No. 930/2000, UN Doc CCPR/C/72/D/930/2000 (2001); A v Australia, Communication No. 560/1993, UN Doc CCPR/C/59/D/560/1993 (1997); ARJ v Australia, Communication No. 692/1996, UN Doc CCPR/C/60/D/692/1996 (1997); GT v Australia, Communication No. 706/1996, UN Doc CCPR/C/61/D/706/1996 (1997); Toonen v Australia, above n 4.

Young, above n 3; Cabal, above n 3; Baban, above n 3; C, ibid; Rogerson, ibid; Winata, ibid; A, ibid; Toonen, above n 4.

SS Wimbledon (United Kingdom, France, Italy and Japan v Germany), 1923 P.C.I.J. Ser A No 1, 25.

Love, above n 14 (as to claim by Bone, Craig and Ivanoff); Hesse v Australia, Communication No 1087/2002, UN Doc CCPR/C/75/D/1087/2002 (2002); Hart v Australia, Communication No 947/2000, UN Doc CCPR/C/70/D/947/2000 (2000); Perera v Australia, Communication No 536/1993, UN Doc CCPR/C/53/D/536/1993 (1995); KLB-W v Australia, Communication No 490/1992, UN Doc CCPR/C/47/D/490/1992 (1993); AS and LS v Australia, Communication No 499/1992, UN Doc CCPR/C/47/D/499/1992 (1993).

Baban, above n 3; Dixit v Australia, Communication No 978/2001, UN Doc CCPR/C/77/D/978/2001 (2003); Rogerson, above n 14; Collins v Australia, Communication No. 881/1999, UN Doc CCPR/C/76/D/881/1999 (1999); Pasla v Australia, Communication No 751/1997, UN Doc CCPR/C/65/D/751/1997 (1999); Lamagna v Australia, Communication No 737/1997, UN Doc CCPR/C/65/D/737/1997 (1999); Lindon v Australia, Communication No 646/1995, UN Doc CCPR/C/64/D/646/1995 (1998); A, above n 14; X v Australia, Communication No 557/1993, UN Doc No CCPR/C/57/D/557/1993 (1996).

Lamagna, ibid.

A, above n 14.

Ibid [6.4].

Benvenisti , ‘Margin of Appreciation, Consensus, and Universal Standards’ (1999) 31 NYU Journal of International Law and Politics 843, 844–845; Schmidt , ‘The Complementarity of the Covenant and the European Convention on Human Rights — Recent Developments’ in Harris Joseph (eds), The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and United Kingdom Law (1995) 657; Slaughter , ‘A Typology of Transjudicial Communications’ (1994) 29 University of Richmond Law Review 99, 106; Merrills , The Development of International Law by the European Court of Human Rights (1993) 19.

Communication No R. 14/61, UN Doc Supp No 40 (A/37/40) (1982) [10.3].

Toonen, above n 4.

Ibid [6.7].

See, eg, Minister for Immigration v Al Masri [2003] FCAFC 70 (15 April 2003) [146–148]; Johnson v Johnson (2000) 201 CLR 488, 501–502; Commonwealth v Hamilton (2000) 108 FCR 378, 387.

Above n 6.

Wilson Ashleigh , ‘Canberra to Defy UN on ‘Nigger’ Sign’, The Canberra Times, 24 April 2003.

B and B v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2003] Fam CA 451.

‘I'll Try to Keep Children Locked Up: Ruddock’, Sydney Morning Herald, 1 August 2003.

‘Ruddock Ambushed over Refugee Stance’, Sydney Morning Herald, 23 April 2002.