Legislating for Animal Welfare

Sunstein Cass , ‘Standing for Animals’ (2000) 47 UCLA Law Review 1333, 1368.

Brooman Simon Legge Debbie , Law Relating to Animals (1997) 72.

See, eg, The Australian, 23 September 2003, 10.

See, eg, Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) s 18 and Animal Welfare Act 1993 (Tas) s 6.

Animal Welfare Act 2002 (WA) s 19; Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) s 18; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1985 (SA) s 13; Animal Welfare Act 1993 (Tas) ss 8 and 9; and Animal Welfare Act (NT) s 6.

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986 (Vic) s 9(1)(c).

Animal Welfare Act 1992 (ACT) ss 7 and 8.

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979 (NSW) ss 5 and 6.

Animal Welfare Act 1993 (Tas) s 3.

Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) s 11; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979 (NSW) s 4; Animal Welfare Act (NT) s 4; Animal Welfare Act 1992 (ACT) s 2; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986 (Vic) s 3.

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1985 (SA) s 3; Animal Welfare Act 2002 (WA) s 5. For a brief summary of recent, conflicting research on whether fish can feel pain, see Johnston Colin , ‘Welfare Considerations in Aquatic Animals’ (2003) 16(2) ANZCART News 1.

Animal Welfare Act 2002 (WA) s 19; Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) ss 38-40; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1985 (SA) s 43; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986 (Vic) s 6(1); Animal Welfare Act 1993 (Tas) s 4(3); Animal Welfare Act 1992 (ACT) s 20; and Animal Welfare Act (NT) s 79(1)(a).

See, eg, Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld), s 8.

See, eg, Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) s 45; and Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979 (NSW) s 24(1)(c).

See, eg, Animal Welfare Act 2002 (WA) s 20; and Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986 (Vic) s 11.

See, eg, Animal Welfare Act 2002 (WA) s 23.

See, eg, Animal Welfare Act 1993 (Tas) s 4(1).

See, eg, Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) s 42.

Animal Welfare Act (NT) s 79(2).

Animal Welfare Act 2002 (WA) s 19; Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) s 114; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1985 (SA) s 28; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1985 (Vic) s 18; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1985 (NSW)s 4; Animal Welfare Act 1993 (Tas) s 13; Animal Welfare Act 1992 (ACT) s 76; and Animal Welfare Act (NT) s 57.

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1985 (Vic) s 9. Aggravated cruelty in Victoria carries a maximum fine of $12,000 or 12 months imprisonment.

Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) s 18.

Animal Welfare Act 2002 (WA) s 19.

For a detailed account of differing philosophical approaches to animal welfare see Brooman and Legge, above n 2, ch 1. For an account of the shifting philosophical foundations of Australian animal welfare law since colonisation see Jamieson Philip , ‘Duty and the Beast: The Movement in Reform of Animal Welfare Law’ (1991) 16 University of Queensland Law Journal 238.

Posner Richard A , ‘Animal Rights’ (2000) 110 Yale Law Journal 527, 539.

Sharman Katrina , ‘Sentencing Under Our Anti-Cruelty Statutes: Why Our Leniency Will Come Back To Bite Us’ (2002) 13 Current Issues In Criminal Justice 333, 334.

Ibid.

For an extended account of this argument see Francione Gary L , Rain Without Thunder: The Ideology of the Animal Rights Movement (1996).

Hughes Elaine L Meyer Christiane , ‘Animal Welfare Law in Canada and Europe’ (2000) 6 Animal Law 23, 55 (citations omitted).

National Health & Medical Research Council, 6th edition, 1997. The code is under review.

Animals Australia, Animal Experimentation, Fact Sheet 11, <http://www.animalsaustralia.org/>.

‘Britain may ban Muslim and Jewish ritual animal slaughter’, The World Today, ABC Radio, 11 June 2003, <http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2003/s877530.htm>.

Hughes Meyer , above n 29, 69.

Sharman , above n 26, 333.

RSPCA Australia, <http://www.rspca.org.au>.

Ibid.

RSPCA Victoria, Annual Report 2001–2002, 38.

See, eg, Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) s 115.

See Butterworths, Halsbury's Laws of Australia, Jamieson Philip , Animals, [20–445].

Frasch Pamela D , ‘State Animal Anti-Cruelty Statutes: An Overview’ (1999) 5 Animal Law 69, 71.

See Cass Sunstein, above n 1 for an excellent discussion of the issues raised by standing for animals in a United States context. The suggestion that standing be liberalised to enhance the application of animal welfare legislation is not novel in Australia: See, eg, Gregory Mark , ‘Commerce & Cruelty’ (1994) 19 Alternative Law Journal 186, 188.