Legal Theory and Law Reform

See Heath Mary Naffine Ngaire , ‘Men's Needs and Women's Desires: Feminist Dilemmas About Rape Law “Reform”’ (1994) 3 Australian Feminist Law Journal 30.

A classic statement of this principle is to be found in Austin John , The Province of Jurisprudence Determined Hart H L A , (ed) (1954, first published 1832), Lecture 5.

There are many modern variations of positivism, and for reasons of space I cannot analyse them here. See, for instance MacCormick Neil Weinberger Ota An Institutional Theory of Law: New Approaches to Legal Positivism; Campbell Tom , The Legal Theory of Ethical Positivism (1996).

Austin above n 2, 184.

Bentham Jeremy , ‘A Fragment of Government’ in Burns J H Hart H L A , (ed) A Comment on the Commentaries and A Fragment of Government (1977) 397.

Fuller Lon , ‘Positivism and Fidelity to Law — A Reply to Professor Hart’ (1958) 71 Harvard Law Review 630, 657–9.

Hart H L A , ‘Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals’ (1958) 71 Harvard Law Review 593, 596.

Ibid 597.

Bentham Jeremy , ‘A Comment on the Commentaries’ in Bentham above n 5.

Devlin Patrick , The Enforcement of Morals, Oxford University Press, 1965.

Hart H L A , Law, Liberty and Morality (1963).

See Kelman Mark , ‘Trashing’ (1984) 36 Stanford Law Review 293; Freeman Alan , ‘Truth and Mystification in Legal Scholarship’ (1981) 90 Yale Law Journal 1229; Fraser David , ‘Truth and Hierarchy: Will the Circle be Unbroken?’ (1984) Buffalo Law Review 729, 773.

Delgado Richard , ‘The Ethereal Scholar: Does Critical Legal Studies Have What Minorities Want?’ (1987) 22 Harvard Civil Rights — Civil Liberties Law Review 301.

Henderson Emma , ‘I'd Rather Be An Outlaw': Identity, Activism and Decriminalization in Tasmania’ in Stychin Carl Herman Didi (eds), Sexuality in the Legal Arena (2000) 35.

Smart Carol , Feminism and the Power of Law (1989) 164.

Ibid 115; see also 163-4.

See for instance Cornell Drucilla , The Philosophy of the Limit, 1992.

Matsuda Mari , ‘When the First Quail Calls: Multiple Consciousness as Jurisprudential Method’ (1988) 11 Women's Rights Law Reporter 7, 8; Matsuda's approach has been endorsed by various feminist writers: See Heath and Naffine above n 1; Graycar Reg Morgan Jenny , The Hidden Gender of Law (2nd ed, 2002), 449; Davies Margaret , Asking the Law Question (2nd ed, 2002), 17.

Heath Mary , ‘Catharine MacKinnon: Toward a Feminist Theory of the State’ (1997) 9 Australian Feminist Law Journal 45, 49.

A very detailed analysis has been written by Heath Mary in The Feral State: A Feminist Critique of the Gendered and Colonialist Theoretical Premises of ‘The State’ (unpublished PhD thesis, Flinders University) (2003), on file with the author, ch 4.

Irigaray Luce , i love to you, (1996) 35–42; Sexes and Genealogies, Columbia University Press (1993) 1.

See Cornell Drucilla , At the Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality (1998), 119–23.

Some recent explorations of legal pluralism include Macdonald Roderick , ‘Metaphors of Multiplicity: Civil Society, Regimes, and Legal Pluralism’ (1998) 15 Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law 69; Tamanaha Brian , ‘A Non-Essentialist Version of Legal Pluralism’ (2000) Journal of Law and Society 296; Kleinhans Martha-Marie Macdonald Roderick , ‘What is a Critical Legal Pluralism?’ (1997) 12 Canadian Journal of Law and Society 25.