This paper provides a preliminary review of the effrects of closed shop arrangements on trade unions. In doing os it addresses four hypotheses: whether the closed shop reduces union militancy; whether it leads to poorer services; whether it affects bargaining power; and whether it leads to increased membership.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BassettP (1987) Strike FreePapermac, London.
2.
BlainN (1985) ‘Federal and State Unions in Western Australia’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 27(2) pp.207–232.
3.
BlanchflowerDOswaldA (1988) ‘The Economic Effects of Trade Unions', Employment Institute Economic Report, 3(10).
4.
BrownWWadhwaniS (1990) ‘The Economic Effects of Industrial Relations Legislation Since 1979’ Discussion Paper 376, Centre for Labour Economics, London School of Economics.
5.
CarrollT.M. (1983) ‘Right to Work Laws Do Matter’, Southern Economic Journal, 50(2) pp.494–509.
6.
ChristensenSMakiD (1981) ‘The Union Wage Effect in Canadian Manufacturing Industries', Journal of Labor Research, 2(2) pp.355–67.
7.
CordovaEOzakiM (1980) ‘Union security arrangements: An international overview’, international Labour Review, 119(1) pp. 19–38.
8.
CreanSRimmerM (1990) Australian Unions Adjustment to ChangeMonash University.
9.
DavisE (1987) Democracy in Australian UnionsAllen & Unwin, Sydney.
10.
DeeryS (1989) ‘Union Aims and Methods' in FordB.PlowmanD. (ed) Australian Unions An Industrial Relations Perspective2nd ed., Macmillan, Sydney.
11.
DuftyN (1981) ‘Conscripts and Volunteers', Australian Bulletin of Labour, 7(2) pp.88–104.
12.
DunnSGennardJ (1984) The Closed Shop in British IndustryMacmillan, London.
13.
EllwoodD.T.FineG (1987) ‘The Impact of Right-to-Work Laws on Union Organizing’Journal of Political Economy95(2) pp.250–73.
14.
FarberH.S. (1984) ‘Right-to-Work Laws and the Extent of Unionization’, Journal of Labor Economics, 2(3) pp.319–52.
15.
FinnE (1977) ‘The case against ‘right-to-work’ laws'The Labour Gazette October, pp.446–49.
16.
GallawayL.E. (1966) ‘The Economics of the Right-To-Work Controversy’, Southern Economic Journal, 32(3) pp.310–16.
17.
GeareA.J. (1988) The system of industrial relations in New ZealandButterworths, Wellington.
18.
GeareA.J. (1989) ‘Managerial views on compulsory unionism in New Zealand’, New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations, 14, pp.231–40.
19.
GeareA.J. (1990) ‘Do Bosses Still Love the Closed Shop?’, Employee Relations, 12(6) pp.17–23.
20.
GilbertD (1966) ‘A Statistical Analysis of the Right-To-Work Conflict’Industrial and Labor Relations Review19 pp.533–37.
21.
GillFZappalaJ (1990) ‘The Closed Shop Revisited: An Essay on Method’ ACIRRT Working Paper 6, University of Sydney.
22.
GrammC.L. (1986) ‘The Determinants of Strike Incidence and Severity: A Micro-Level Study’, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 39(3) pp.361–76.
23.
GriffinG (1983) ‘White Collar Unionism 1969 to 1981: Some Determinants of Growth’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 25(1).
24.
HansonC.JacksonS.MillerD (1982) The Closed ShopGower, Aldershot.
25.
HarbridgeRWalshP (1985) ‘Legislation prohibiting the closed shop in New Zealand: Its introduction and consequences', Journal of Industrial Relations, 27(2) pp.191–206.
26.
HarbridgeRWebberS (1987) ‘Trends in official union membership: 1983–85’, New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations, 12(2) pp.81–88.
27.
HarrisonS (1987) ‘The Closed Shop and the National Health Service: A Case Study in Public Sector Labour Relations', Journal of Social Politics, 17(1) pp.61–81.
28.
HillJ.D. (1984) ‘Australian Union Density Rates 1976–1982’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 26(4) pp.435–51.
29.
KassalowE.M. (1980) ‘The Closed and Union Shop in Western Europe, An American Perspective’, Journal of Labor Research, 1(2) pp.323–39.
30.
LansburyR.D. (1977) ‘The Growth and Unionization of White Collar workers in Australia: Some Recent Trends', Journal of Industrial Relations, 19(1) pp.34–49.
31.
LumsdenKPetersenC (1975) ‘The Effect of Right-to-Work Laws on Unionization in the United States', Journal of Political Economy, 83(6) pp. 1237–48.
32.
McCarthyW.E.J. (1964) The Closed Shop in BritainBasil Blackwell, Oxford.
33.
McIntoshBGurdonM.A. (1986) ‘Factors Influencing Health and Safety Performance in New Zealand’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 28(4) pp.521–33.
34.
MetcalfD (1989a) ‘Trade Unions and Economic Performance: The British Evidence’LSE Quarterly3.
35.
MetcalfD (1989b) ‘Smithfield Meat Market: The Ultimate Pre-Entry Closed Shop’ Discussion Paper 364, Centre for Labour Economics, London School of Economics.
36.
MetcalfD (1989c) ‘Can the closed shop ban open new doors for unions?’Personnel Management September, pp.32–6.
37.
MetcalfDStewartM (1989) ‘Union Recognition, the Closed Shop and Relative Pay’London School of Economics, mimeo.
38.
MooreW.J. (1980) ‘Membership and Wage Impact of Right-to Work Laws', Journal of Labor Research, 1(1) pp.349–68.
39.
MooreW.J.NewmanR.J. (1985) ‘The Effects of Right-To-Work Laws: A Review of the Literature’Industrial and Labor Relations Review38(4) pp.571–84.
40.
MorrisR (1981) ‘The Employer's Free Selection of Labour and the Waterfront Closed Shop’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 23(1) pp.49–62.
41.
NolanPMarginsonP (1990) ‘Skating on Thin Ice?: David Metcalf on Trade Unions and Productivity’, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 28(2) pp.227.
42.
RawsonD.W. (1976) Unions and Unionists in AustraliaAllen & Unwin, Sydney.
43.
RawsonD.W. (1990) ‘What People thought about unions in January 1990’Australian National University, mimeo.
44.
ReidJ.D.FaithR.L. (1987) ‘Right-to-Work and Union Compensation Structure’, Journal of Labor Research, 8(2) pp. 111–29.
45.
StevensM.MillwardNSmartD (1989) ‘Trade Union membership and the closed shop in 1989’Employment Gazette November, pp.615–23.
SwidinskyR (1982) ‘Bargaining Power Under Compulsory Unionism’, Industrial Relations, 21(1) pp.62–72.
48.
WarrenR.S.StraussR.P. (1979) ‘A Mixed Logit Model of the Relationship between Unionization and Right-to-Work Legislation’, Journal of Political Economy, 87(3) pp.648–55.
49.
WesselsW.J. (1981) ‘Economic Effects of Right to Work Laws', Journal of Labor Research, 2(1) pp.55–75.
50.
WrightM (1981) ‘Unionisation in Australia and Coverage of the Closed Shop’, Australian Bulletin of Labour, 7(3) pp.122–138.
51.
WoodsN.S. (1975) Industrial Relations: a search for understandingHicks Smith & Sons, Wellington.
52.
ZappalaG (1991) ‘A New Framework for the Closed Shop in Australian industrial relations' ACIRRT Working Paper 13 University of Sydney.
53.
ZappalaG (1991a) ‘The extent and coverage of compulsory unionism in Australia’ ACIRRT mimeo, University of Sydney.
