Abstract
This study evaluated the Use of Music Inventory (UMI) in three national samples from Slovakia (N = 1,097), Serbia (N = 700), and Croatia (N = 473). Confirmatory factor analyses did not support the original item set in any country. Alternative models yielded improved fit and internal consistency while retaining the three intended dimensions (Emotional, Cognitive, Background). Item-level analyses revealed recurrent instabilities for Items 2 and 8 in Slovakia and Serbia, with additional problems for Items 4 and 12 in Croatia, indicating that nostalgia-laden, affect-specific, and genre-evaluative wordings are vulnerable to cultural/developmental variation. Convergent validity patterns were observed across countries: women scored higher on Emotional and Background use, men scored higher on Cognitive use, and respondents with formal music education scored higher on Cognitive use. Cross-country comparisons showed higher Cognitive use in Slovakia and higher Background use in Serbia. Overall, results support cautious cross-cultural use of the UMI and motivate targeted item revision (e.g., rewording or replacing retrospective and genre-specific statements) and routine tests of measurement invariance by country, gender, and education. Findings also highlight the value of complementing attitudinal UMI scales with behavioural indices of music regulation in future research.
Keywords
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
