Il est souvent dit des musiciens qui possèdent l'oreille absolue qu'ils ont une “bonne oreille”. Celle-ci est associée à une exceptionnelle capacité de discrimination, une plus grande sensibilité aux plus petites différences de hauteur. Nous présentons deux expériences. La première est une tàche d'identification. Elle vise à mettre en évidence l'oreille absolue. Cinquante sept élèves du conservatoire et/ou étudiants en musicologie doivent identifier et placer sur une portée les sons qu'ils entendent. Trois groupes sont alors constitués: les possesseurs de l'oreille absolue, les possesseurs de l'oreille absolue partielle et les non-possesseurs de l'oreille absolue. Nous montrons que plusieurs facteurs affectent la précision des identifications, comme la qualité de timbre et le type de notes. La deuxième partie de ce travail est consacrée à la perception de la hauteur. Une expérience de mesure de seuils permet de montrer que l'acuité des possesseurs de l'oreille absolue est identique à celle des individus non doués d'un tel savoir-faire. De surcroît, l'apprentissage de la musique ne permet pas une augmentation des capacités discriminatives.
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