Emergency Physician's Dilemma in Antibiotic Prescribing

Le Conte P. , Potel G. , Baron D. Emergency antibiotic prescription in the emergency room. Reanimation Urgences 2001; 10(7): 673–8.

Kalemoglu M. , Keskin O. , Oncul O. Infectious disease treatment in the emergency services. Sendrom 2002; 14(7): 36–43.

Harbarth S. , Garbino J. , Pugin J. , Romand J.A. , Lew D. , Pittet D. Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy and its effect on survival in a clinical trial of immunomodulating therapy for severe sepsis. Am J Med 2003; 115(7): 529–35.

Nyquist A.C. , Gonzales R. , Steiner J.F. , Sande M.A. Antibiotic prescribing for children with colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis. JAMA 1998; 279(11): 875–7.

Del Mar C.B. , Glasziou P.P. , Spinks A.B. Antibiotics for sore throat. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; (1): CD000023.

Mainous A.G. 3rd , Hueston W.J. , Clark J.R. Antibiotics and upper respiratory infection: do some folks think there is a cure for the common cold. J Fam Pract 1996; 42(4): 357–61.

Gadomski A.M. Potential interventions for preventing pneumonia among young children: lack of effect of antibiotic treatment for upper respiratory infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12(2): 115–20.

Dancer S.J. How antibiotics can make us sick: the less obvious adverse effects of antimicrobial chemotherapy. Lancet Infect Dis 2004; 4(10): 611–9.

Seppala H. , Klaukka T. , Vuopio-Varkila J. , Muotiala A. , Helenius H. , Lager K. The effect of changes in the consumption of macrolide antibiotics on erythromycin resistance in group A streptococci in Finland. Finnish Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance. N Engl J Med 1997; 337(7): 441–6.

Stephenson J. Icelandic researchers are showing the way to bring down rates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. JAMA 1996; 275(3): 175.

Bennett J. , St Geme J.W. 3rd Bacterial resistance and antibiotic use in the emergency department. Pediatr Clin North Am 1999; 46(6): 1125–43.

Ison C.A. , Dillon J.A. , Tapsall J.W. The epidemiology of global antibiotic resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus ducreyi. Lancet 1998; 351(Suppl 3): 8–11.

Lutters M. , Vogt N. Antibiotic duration for treating uncomplicated, symptomatic lower urinary tract infections in elderly women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; (1): CD001535.

Pujol M. , Gudiol F. Evidence for antibiotic cycling in control of resistance. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2001; 14(6): 711–5.

Bergstrom C.T. , Lo M. , Lipsitch M. Ecological theory suggests that antimicrobial cycling will not reduce antimicrobial resistance in hospitals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101(36): 13285–90.

Rybak M.J. , McGrath B.J. Combination antimicrobial therapy for bacterial infections. Guidelines for the clinician. Drugs 1996; 52(3): 390–405.

Ho P.L. , Wong S.S.S. , editors. Reducing bacterial resistance with IMPACT - Interhospital Multi-disciplinary Programme on Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2nd ed. (Version 2.2). [updated 2003 Feb 10]. Available from: www.hku.hk/hkucoi/

BestBETs. [cited 2005 Feb 8]. Available from: www.bestbets.org