I trace the way art and play, inclusive of painting, sculpture, and popular expression of all sorts, operates as a potent force in regional economic development. A key linkage between art, on the one hand, and economy on the other, is design. Using the Los Angeles area as case in point, I show how design, and the art on which it rests, propels various industries – toys, film, fast-food, furniture, cars – to build the regional economy.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aldersey-WilliamsH. (1988) New American Design.New York: Rizzoli, New York.
2.
Aldersey-WilliamsH. (1992) Nationalism and Globalism in Design.New York: Rizzoli, 1992.
3.
AminA. and ThriftN. (1992) ‘Neo-Marshallian nodes in global networks’. International Journal of Urban and 3 Regional Research, 16(4), 571–587.
4.
AntonelliP. (1994) “Economy of thought, economy of design”. Arbitare, 329 (May): 243–249.
5.
AppaduraiA. (1989) ‘Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy’Theory, Culture and Society, 7, 295–310.
6.
ArmiE. (1990) The Art of American Car Design: The Profession and Personalities.University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University.
7.
ArmstrongL. (1991) ‘It started with an egg’. Business Week, December 2: 142,146.
8.
BanhamR. (1971) Los Angeles: The Architecture of Four Ecologies.New York: Penguin Books.
9.
BargerH. (1955) Distribution's Place in the American Economy Since 1869.Princeton: Princeton University Press.
10.
BatesJ. (1993) ‘Video sales, rentals top $17 billion in '92’. Los Angeles Times, January 9:D1.
11.
BattersbyM. (1988) The Decorative Thirties.New York: Whitney Library of Design.
12.
BaudrillardJ. (1989) America.New York: Verso.
13.
BeckB. (1988) ‘Reflections on art and inactivity’. In Center for Interdisciplinary Research in the Arts Seminar Series Monograph, Culture and the Arts Workgroup1 (May), 43–66.
14.
BoyleP. (1993) ‘The sun also sets’. Los Angeles Times Magazine, January 10, 14–19.
15.
BrantinghamB. (1992) ‘Those high-flyin Loughead brothers’. Santa Barbara News Press, December 27, B–2.
16.
Business Week (1992) ‘Surge at Chrysler’. November 9, 88–96.
17.
Business Week (1990). ‘California design: funk is in: brash, passionate newcomers are taking on austere Eurostyle’. Special 1990 Bonus Issue: 172–177.
18.
CarrierJ.G. (1995) Gifts and Commodities: Exchange and Western Capitalism Since 1700.London: Routledge.
19.
CendrarsB. (forthcoming [1936]) Hollywood: Mecca of the Movies.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
20.
CitronA. and HorovitzB. (1991) ‘Coke makes consulting deal with Ovitz's agency’. Los Angeles Times, September 5, A–1.
21.
ClarkK. (1992) ‘Fast action is viewed as key to G.M.'s success’. New York Times, November 2, C4.
22.
DantoA.C. (1992) Beyond the Brillo Box: The Visual Arts in Post-Historical Perspective.New York: Farrar Straus Giroux.
23.
DavisM. (1990) City of Quartz.New York: Verso.
24.
DuneierM. (1992) Slim's Table: Race, Respectability, and Masculinity.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
25.
EpsteinJ. (1973) News from Nowhere.New York: Random House.
26.
ErnstE.G. with AndersonD.F. (forthcoming) Pilgrim Progression: The Protestant Experience in California. [For update information, au at American Baptist Seminary.'.
27.
FantasiaR. (forthcoming) ‘Fast food in France’. Theory and Society..
28.
FernY. (1994) Gene Roddenberry: The Last Conversation.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
29.
FillerM. (1992) ‘Frank Gehry and the modern tradition of Bentwood furniture’. In (ed: no editor listed) Frank Gehry: New Bentwood Furniture Designs.Montreal: Montreal Museum of Decorative Arts, 89–108.
30.
FindlayJ. (1992) Magic Lands: Western Cityscapes and American Culture After 1940.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
31.
FineganW.R. (1990) California Furniture: The Craft and the Artistry.Chatsworth, CA: Windsor Publications, Inc.
FogelsonR.M. (1967) The Fragmented Metropolis: Los Angeles, 1850–1930.Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
34.
FurnasJ.C. (1974) Great Times: An Informal Social History of the United States, 1914–1929.New York: Putnam.
35.
GandyC. and Zimmermann-StidhamS. (1981) Contemporary Classics: Furniture of the Masters.New York: McGraw-Hill.
36.
GansH. (1985) ‘American popular culture and high culture in a changiong class structure’. In BalfeJudith H. and JaneMargaretWyszomirskiM.J. (eds) Art, Ideology, and Politics.Prager, New York, 1985.
37.
GatesD. (1991) ‘Wagon train to the stars’. Newsweek, November 4, 35.
38.
GebhardD.‘Introduction’. In HeimannJim and GeorgesRip, California Crazy: Roadside Vernacular Architecture.San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1980.
39.
GebhardD. and WinterR. (1977) A Guide to Architecture in Los Angeles and Southern California.Santa Barbara: Peregrine Smith.
40.
GillB. (1989) ‘California: hats, beds, and houses’. Architectural Digest, May, 36–44.
41.
GiovanniJ. (1992) ‘Back to the future’. Art in America, December, 53–59.
42.
GopnikA. (1993) ‘Diebenkorn Redux’The New Yorker, May 24, 97–100.
43.
GottliebS. (ed) (forthcoming) Alfred Hitchcock on Film: Selected Writings and Interviews.Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press.
44.
HammondP. (1992) Religion and Personal Autonomy: The third Disestablishment in America.Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press.
45.
HarveyS. (1993) ‘Only in L.A.’. Los Angeles Times, September 28, B2.
46.
HinesT.S. (1982) Richard Neutra and the Search for Modern Architecture.New York: Oxford University Press.
47.
HitchcockA. (1964) ‘Alfred Hitchcock on his films’. The Listener, August 6, 189–90.
48.
HofferR. (1992) ‘The golden state’. Sports Illustrated, July 22, 36–40.
49.
HollanderA. (1986) Seeing Through Clothes.New York: Viking.
50.
HorovitzB. (1992) ‘New twist in tie-ins: ‘Home Alone 2’ may redefine merchandising’. Los Angeles Times, November 12, D1, D5.
51.
HorovitzB. (1993) “'Jurassic Park” faces tough obstacles to beat “Batman” in retail sales’. Los Angeles Times, June 1, D1, D6.
52.
House Beautiful. (1987) ‘Big personality pieces’. February: 43–48.
53.
HughesR. (1990) ‘The decline of the city of mahogany’. The New Republic, June 25, 27–38.
54.
J.D. Power and Associates. (1989) ‘General Motors' California ‘Skunk Works’ leads the way’. The California Report, June: 12–14.
55.
JacksonJ. (1977) ‘Craftsman style and technostyle’. In KieranStephen (ed) Ornament.Philadelphia: The Graduate School of Fine Arts, 57–62.
56.
JencksC. (1993) Heteropolis: Los Angeles, The Riots and the Strange Beauty of Hetero-Architecture.London: Academy Editions.
57.
KnightC. (1992) ‘Mike Kelley, at large in Europe’. Los Angeles Times, July 5, Calendar 70.
58.
KrocR. (1977) Grinding It Out: The Making of McDonald's.Chicago: H. Regnery.
59.
KuhnA. with RadstoneS. (eds) (1990) Women's Companion to International Film.London: Virago Press.
60.
LashS. and UrryJ. (1994) Economies of Signs and Space.London: Sage.
61.
LaVineW.R. (1980) In a Glamorous Fashion: The Fabulous Years of Hollywood Costume Design.New York: Charles Scribner's.
62.
LeeG. (1992) ‘Miami makers enjoy a place in the sunshine’. Women's Wear Daily, 163 (121), 1, 6, 7.
63.
LefebvreH. (1991) The Production of Space.Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
64.
LeidnerR. (1994) Fast Food and Fast Talk.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
65.
LernerP. (1992) ‘One for the road’. Los Angeles Times Magazine, February 9: 63–65.
66.
LevittT. (1976) ‘The Industrialization of Services’. Harvard Business Review, 54, 63–74.
67.
LienertP. (1989) ‘Detroit's western front’. California Business, December, 37–55.
68.
LoveJ. (1986) McDonald's: Behind the Arches.New York: Bantam Books.
69.
Mattel, Inc. (1993) Annual Report, March 5.
70.
McDonald's Corporation. (n.d.) ‘McDonald's history listing’. Oak Brook, IL: McDonald's Corporation.
71.
McGrathC. (1994) ‘Rocking the pond’. The New Yorker, 69(47), 123–137.
72.
McKennaK. (1993) ‘Revving' up the Rat Fink’. Los Angeles Times, December 20, F1.
73.
McWilliamsC. (1973 [1946]) Southern California: An Island on the Land. Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith.
74.
NicknishA.K. (1991) ‘California classics make a lasting impression’. FDM: Furniture Design and Manufacturing, November: 62–64.
75.
PillsburyR. (1990) From Boarding House to Bistro. Boston:Unwin Hyman.
76.
ReevesR. (1992) ‘L.A. story’. Travel and Leisure, July, 32–34.
77.
ReillyP. (1994) ‘Conde Nast taps a new publisher to lift Vanity Fair’. Wall Street Journal, June 9, B3.
78.
RybczynskiW. (1986) Home: A Short History of an Idea.New York: Penguin.
79.
SasskenS. (1986) The Mobility of Labor and Capital.New York: Cambridge University Press.
80.
SchwartzM. and RomoF. (forthcoming) The Rise and Fall of Detroit..
81.
ScottA.J. (1993) ‘Variations on the theme of agglomeration and growth: the gem and jewelry industry in Los Angeles and Bangkok’. Unpublished paper, Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies, UCLA.
82.
ScottA.J. (1993) Technopolis: The Geography of High Technology in Southern California.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
83.
ScottA. and SojaE. (eds) (forthcoming) The City: Los Angeles and Urban Theory at the End of the Twentieth Century.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
84.
SellersP. (1992) ‘Fabric trends take their cue from the environment’. California Apparel News, 48(26), 1, 5.
85.
SimiC. (1993) ‘Manufacturing success in California’. Perspectives: Newsletter of Pacific Design Center: 4, 5.
86.
SmithC.S. (1981) A Search for Structure: Selected Essays on Science, Art, and History.Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
87.
SmithM. (1988) ‘Designing profits’. California Business, October, 46–8.
88.
SparkeP.HodgesF.StoneA. and CoadE.D. (1986) Design Source Book.Secaucus, NJ.: Chartwell Books, Inc (a QED Book).
89.
SpencerN. (1993) ‘Menswear in the 1980s’. In AshJuliet and WilsonElizabeth (eds) Chic Thrills: A Fashion Reader.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 40–48.
90.
StarrK. (1973) Americans and the California Dream, 1850–1915.New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
91.
StarrK. (1985) Inventing the Dream: California Through the Progressive Era.New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.
92.
SteeleV. (1993) ‘Chanel in context’. In AshJuliet and WilsonElizabeth (eds) Chic Thrills: A Fashion Reader. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 118–126.
93.
StorperM. and ChristophersonS. (1987) ‘The city as studio: the world as black lot: the impact of vertical disintegration on the location of the motion picture industry’. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 4, 305–20.
94.
StorperM. and WalkerR. (1989) The Capitalist Imperative.Boston: Blackwell.
95.
StrasserS. (1989) Satisfaction Guaranteed: The Making of the American Mass Market.New York: Pantheon, 1989.
96.
StumpfC. (ed) (1986) Richard Payne Knight Expedition into Sicily.London: British Museum Publications.
97.
TaylorA. (1992) ‘U.S. cars come back’. Fortune, November 16, 52–85.
98.
ThornburgB. (1992) ‘Sitting on top of the world’. Los Angeles Times Magazine, October 11, 42–50.
99.
ThorneR. (1980) ‘Places of refreshment in the nineteenth-century city’, pp. 228–253 in KingAnthony D. (ed.) Buildings and Society: Essays on the Social Development of the Built Environment.London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 228–253.
100.
TorresV. (1995) ‘Bold fashion statement: amid aerospace decline, L.A. garment industry emerges as a regional economic force’. Los Angeles Times, March 12, D1.
101.
VarnedoeK. and GopnikA. (1990) High and Low: Modern Art/Popular Culture.New York: Museum of Modern Art.
102.
WallaceA. (1993) ‘Coffee shops modern’. Los Angeles Times, (April 1), B1, B4.
103.
WeberJ. (1993) ‘Video games go to the movies’. Los Angeles Times, (March 21), D1, D8.
104.
WellsK. (1992) ‘Global ad campaigns bring record sales, but minefields remain’. Wall Street Journal, 10(45), 1, 4.
105.
WeschlerL. (1993) ‘In a desert of pure feeling’. New Yorker, June 7, 81–90.
106.
WhartonD. (1992) ‘What becomes a legend most?’Los Angeles Times, November 17, E1.
107.
WilliamsR. (1982) Dream Worlds: Mass Consumption in Late Nineteenth Century France.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
108.
Women's Wear Daily. (1992) 'L.A. Takes Off June 1, 2.
109.
WoodD. (1991) ‘Predicting the future of product design’. Christian Science Monitor, November 26, 10–12.
110.
WoodyardC. (1992) ‘Surf wear in danger of being swept aside by slouchy, streetwise look’. Los Angeles Times, June 21, D3.
111.
ZukinS. (1993) ‘High culture and ‘wild’ commerce: redeveloping a center of the arts in New York City’. In HaussermannHartmunt and SiebelWalter (eds) New York: Strukturen Einer Metropole. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
112.
ZukinS. (forthcoming) The Cultures of Cities.Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.