Design and synthesis of novel heterocyclic derivatives possessing antimicrobial and wound healing activity

Abstract

The objective of this study was to design and synthesize novel heterocyclic derivatives with antimicrobial and wound healing activities. A total of twenty seven compounds were synthesized using three distinct synthetic schemes. The compounds were characterized using IR, NMR, and mass spectral analysis, and their physical parameters such as yield, molecular weight, and melting point were determined. The antimicrobial activity of all twenty seven compounds was evaluated against various bacterial and fungal strains using MIC and zone of inhibition (ZI) assays. The compounds demonstrated varying levels of antibacterial and antifungal activity, with compounds 4, 12, and 24 showing the highest ZI against bacterial strains. Compound 35 exhibited excellent MIC values against S. aureus and B. subtilis, though it showed poor ZI. In fungal testing, compounds 32–35 exhibited the most promising activity. Additionally, the wound healing potential of selected compounds (4, 12, and 24) was evaluated using an excision wound model. Compound 12 demonstrated the most significant wound contraction and epithelialization, with a 96.9% contraction on nineteenth day, surpassing both the control and standard groups. Histological analysis confirmed that compound 12 enhanced tissue repair, showing dense granulation tissue and reduced inflammation. These findings suggest that the synthesized compounds, particularly compound 12, exhibit strong antimicrobial and wound healing potential, highlighting their therapeutic promise.