This paper sketches out a framework for the comparative analysis of physical exercise policy within the context of the development of the welfare state. The term "physical exercise policy" is used here to refer to specific policies pertaining to the body which were geared towards the fostering of "physical fitness" and specific sport practices. The first section presents general considerations for comparative analysis. Section two discusses a "Society-State" framework. The concluding section presents directions for further studies. Historical examples are used to illustrate major points in the proposed framework.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adelman, M., 1986: A Sporting Time: New York City and the Rise of Modern Athletics. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
2.
Baker, W.J., 1988: Sports in the Modern World. Chicago : University of Illinois Press.
3.
Bennett, B., Howell, M., and Simri, U., 1983: Comparative Physical Education and Sport. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
4.
Bette, K.H., 1984: Strukturelle Aspekte des Hochleistungssports in der Bundesrepublik . Sankt Augustin: Verlag Hans Richarz .
5.
Block, F., 1980: "Beyond Relative Autonomy: State Managers as Historical Subjects". The Socialist Register. London: Merlin Press, pp. 227-242.
6.
Bourdieu, P., 1990: "La construction du marché: le champ administratif et la production de la politique du logement". Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales. n.81/ 82.
7.
Boyer, R., 1986: La théorie de la régulation: Une analyse critique. Paris: La découverte.
8.
Cammack, P., 1989: "Review article: Bringing the State Back In?" British Journal of Sociology, 19, pp. 261-290.
9.
Clement, W., and Williams, G., 1989: The New Canadian Political Economy. Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
10.
Dahrendorf, R., 1979: Life Chances: Approaches to Social and Political Theory . Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
11.
Dawson, D., Andrew, C., and Harvey, J., 1991: "Leisure, the Local State and the Welfare State: A Theoretical Overview". Society and Leisure, 14 (1), pp. 191-217.
12.
Delorme, R., and André, C., 1983: L'État et l'économie. Pans: Seuil.
13.
Demers, P., 1988: "University Training of physical Educators". In: J. Harvey and H. Cantelon (eds.): Not Just a Game: Essays in Canadian Sport Sociology . Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press , pp. 159-172.
14.
Evans, J.J., 1974: Service to Sport: the Story of the CCPR 21935-1972. London: The Sports Council.
15.
Giddens, A., 1973: The Class Structure of Advanced Societies. London: Hutchinson.
16.
Gough, I., 1979: The Political Economy of the Welfare State. London: Macmillan. G
17.
Guttmann, A., 1988: A Whole New Ball Game: An Interpretation of American Sports . Chapel Hill N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press.
18.
Gruneau, R.S., 1988: "Modernization or Hegemony: Two Views on Sport and Social Development". In: J. Harvey and H. Cantelon (eds.): Not Just a Game: Essays in Canadian Sport Sociology. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, pp. 9-32.
19.
Harvey, J. , 1983: Le corps programmé. Montréal : Saint-Martin.
20.
Harvey, J., 1988: "Sport Policy and the Welfare State: An Outline of the Canadian Case". Sociology of Sport Journal.5 (4), pp. 315-329.
21.
Harvey, J., and Sparks, R., 1991: "The Politics of the Body in the Context of Modernity ". Quest, 43 (2), pp. 164-189.
22.
Horne, J., 1986: "'Enforced Leisure' and Compulsory Games in the 1930s: An Explanation of the Social Control of Spare time". In: F. Coalter: Leisure: Politics, Planning and People, vol. 3 of The Politics of leisure. Proceedings of the Leisure Studies Association. Sussex University.
23.
Jenson, J., 1989: "'Different' but not 'Exceptional': Canada's Permeable Fordism". Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 26 (1), pp. 69-94.
24.
Kidd, B., 1991: "How doe we Find Our Own Voices in the New World Order? A Commentary on Americanization". Sociology of Sport Journal , 8 (2), pp.178-184.
25.
Laxer, G., 1989: "The Schizophrenic Character of Canadian Political Economy ". Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 26 (1), pp. 180-192.
26.
Luschen, G., 1970: The Cross-Cultural Analysis of Sport and Games. Champaign. Il..: Stipes.
27.
Macintosh, D., and Whitson, D., 1990: The Game Planners. Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
28.
Maguire, J., 1990: "More than a Sporting Touchdown: The Making of American Football in England 1982-1990". Sociology of SportJournal , 9 (3), pp. 213-237.
29.
Mahon, R., 1991: "From "Bringing" to "Putting": The State in Late Twentieth-Century Social Theory". Canadian Journal of Sociology, 16 (2), pp. 119-143.
30.
Merrien, F., 1990: "État et politiques sociales: contribution à une théorie «néoinstitutionnaliste»". Sociologie du travail, n.3, pp. 267-294.
31.
Rosanvallon, P., 1990: L'État en France, de 1789ànosjours. Paris: Seuil.
32.
Skocpol, T., 1985: "Bringing the State Back In:Strategies of Analysis in Current Research". In: P.B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds.): Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3-37.
33.
Thériault, J.Y., 1985: La société civile on la chimère insaisissable. Montréal: Québec/ Amérique.
34.
Vinokur, M.B., 1988: More than a Game: Sports and Politics. London: Greenwood Press.
35.
Weber, M., 1946: "Class, Status, Party". In: H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (eds.): From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford university Press, pp. 159-195.
36.
Wilson,J., 1988: Politics of Leisure. Boston: Unwin Hyman.
37.
Winkler, J., Karhausen, R., and Meier, R., 1985: Verbände im Sport. Schorndorf: Verlag Karl Hofmann.
