Humor is a pervasive aspect of sport. While there are sociological writings that focus on the sociology of humor, little consideration has been given to the sociology of humor and sport. Yet, the problematic nature of sport outcomes provide a fertile area for the emergence of humor. Humor in sport may be viewed as a play, socially integrating, promoting superiority and disparagement, and a means of examining the social problems that exist in modern sport.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Bales, Robert, 1953: "The Equilibrium Problem in Small Groups." In: T. Parsons, R. Bales and E. Shils (eds.): Working Papers in the Theory of Action. Glencoe, III.: Free Press,111-161.
2.
Berlyne, Daniel, 1972: "Humor and Its Kin." In: J. Goldstein and P. McGhee (eds.): The Psychology of Humor. New York: Academic Press, 43-60.
3.
Bouton, Jim, 1970: Ball FourNew York: Dell.
4.
Bouton, Jim, 1971: I'm Glad you Didn't Take It PersonallyNew York: Dell.
Ciupak, Z., 1980: "The Funny Side of Sport." International Review of Sport Sociology.15,135-142.
7.
Cousins, Norman, 1979: Anatomy of an Illness as Perceived by the Patient. New York: Norton.
8.
Davis, M., 1979: "Sociology Through Humor." Symbolic Interaction.2,105-110.
9.
Denzin, Norman, 1989: The Research Act. Englewood, Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
10.
Ellis, Michael, 1981: "Theories of Play: Definitions and Explanations." In: G. Luschen and G. Sage (eds.): Handbook of Social Science of Sport. Champaign, II.: Stipes, 479-491.
11.
Faulkner, Joseph, 1987: Sociology Through Humor. New York: West Publishing Company.
12.
Fine, Gary, 1983: "Sociological Approaches to the Study of Humor." In: P. McGhee and J. Goldstein (eds.): Handbook of Humor Research. New York: Springer-Verlag, 159-181.
13.
Fine, Gary, 1987: With the BoysChicago, II.: The University of Chicago.
14.
Goffman, Erving, 1967: Interaction RitualGarden City, N.Y. : Anchor Books.
Gross, Edward and Stone, Gregory, 1964: "Embarrassment and the Analysis of Role Requirements." The American Journal of Sociology. 70, 1-15.
17.
Keith-Spiegel, P., 1972: "Early Conceptions of Humor: Varieties and Issues." In: J. Goldstein and P. McGhee (eds.): The Psychology of Humor. New York: Academic Press, 3-39.
18.
Luciano, R. and Fisher, D., 1982: The Umpire Strikes BackNew York: Bantam Press.
19.
Martin, Mike, 1987: "Humor and Aesthetic Enjoyment of Incongruities." In: J. Morreall (ed.): The Philosophy of Laughter and Humor. New York: Academic Press, 172-186.
20.
Metheny, Eleanor, 1965: "Symbolic Forms of Movement: The Feminine Image in Sports ." In. E. Metheny (ed.): Connotations of Movement in Sport and Dance. Dubuque, Iowa : William C. Brown, 277-290.
21.
Michener, James, 1976: Sports in America. Greenwich, Connecticut : Fawcett Crest Book Company.
22.
Morreall, Joseph, 1983: Taking Laughter Seriously. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York.
23.
Morreall, John, 1987: "Thomas Hobbs." In: J. Morreall (ed.): The Philosophy of Laughter and Humor. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 19-20.
24.
Schneider, Louis, 1975: The Sociological Way of Looking at the World. New York: McGraw-Hill.
25.
Slater, Philip, 1955: "Role Differentiation in Small Groups." In: A.P. Hare, E. Borgotta and R. Bales (eds.): Small Groups: Studies in Social Interaction. New York: Knopf, 489-515.
26.
Snyder, Eldon, 1972: "Athletic Dressingroom Slogans as Folklore: A Means of Socialization." International Review of Sport Sociology.7, 89-102.
27.
Snyder, Eldon and SPREITZER, Elmer, 1989: Social Aspects of SportEnglewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
28.
Stebbins, Robert, 1979: "Comic Relief in Everyday Life: Dramaturgic Observations on a Function of Humor." Symbolic Interaction.2, 95-116.