Research interest in the study of sociology of sport in India is very recent. Data for the study were collected through a pretested questionnaire distributed to 200 sports participants (100 male and 100 female) coming from the student population of the University of the Punjab State in India in 1984. The hypothesis that parents encourage their sons more than their daughters to participate in sports was not verified. The study revealed that it was the sportswomen who were given more encouragement.
The hypothesis that teachers and coaches encourage their male students more than their female students was also not substantiated; quite to the contrary, the female students were given more encouragement. In our study the parents of sportswomen were better educated than those of the sportsmen; a large percentage of the parents of sportsmen was illiterate.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aberle, D.F., & Naegele, K. (1952): Middle-class fathers' occupational role and attitudes toward children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1952, 22, 366-378.
2.
Biller, H.B.: The father and personality development: Paternal deprivation and sex-role development. In: M. E. Lamb (ed.), The role of the father in child development. New York: Wiley, 1976.
3.
Edwards, H. (1973): Sociology of Sport, Homewood , Dorsey.
4.
Goodenough, E.W. (1957): Interest in persons as an aspect of sex difference in the early years. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 55, 287-323.
5.
Greendorfer, S.L. (1974): The nature of female socialization into sport: A study of selected college women's sport participation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin.
6.
Greendorfer, S.L. (1976): A social learning approach to female sport involvement . Paper presented at the American Psychological Association convention, Washington, D. C., September 1976.
7.
Greendorfer, S.L., & Lewko, J.H. (1978): The role of family members in sport socialisation of children. Research Quarterly.
8.
Hartley, R. (1959): Children's concepts of male and female roles. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 6, 83-91.
9.
Inkeles, A. (1968): Society, social structure and child socialization. In: J. A. Clausen (ed.). Socialization and society. Boston: Little Brown.
10.
Kenyon, G.S., & Mcpherson, B.D. (1973): Becoming involved in physical activity and sport: A process of socialisation . In: G. L. Rarick (ed.), Physical Activity: Human Growth and Development. New York : Academic Press, 303-332.
11.
Kenyon, H.S. & Mcpherson, B.D. (1974): An approach to the study of sport socialization. International Review of Sport Sociology , 9 (1), 127-138.
12.
Lamb, M.E. (1976): The role of the father in child developmentNew York: Wiley.
13.
Lever, J. (1976): Sex differences in the games children play. Social Problems, 23 (4), 478-487.
14.
Lewko, J.H. & Greendorfer, S.L. (1978): Family influence and sex differences in children's socialization into sport: A review. In: D. M. Landers & R. W. Christina (eds.), Psychology of Motor Behavior and Sport , Champaign, II: Human Kinetics Publication.
15.
Lüschen, G. R. F. and Sage, G. H. (eds.) (1981): Handbook of Social Science of Sport. Stipes Publishing Co.
16.
Mccandless, B.R. (1969): Childhood socialization In: D. A. Goslin, (ed.), Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research. Chicago: Rand McNally.
17.
Mcpherson, B.D. (1976): The child in competitive sport: Influence of the social milieu. Paper presented at The Child in Competitive Sport: A Symposium on Readiness and Effects, Milwaukee, WI: March 31-April 1.
18.
Orlick, T.D. (1972): Family sports environment and early sports participation . Paper presented at the Fourth Canadian Psychomotor Learning and Sports Psychology Symposium, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
19.
Pooley J.C. (1984): A level above competition: An inclusive Model for Youth Sport, Paper presented at the Olympic Scientific Congress, Eugene, Oregon, U.S.A., Juli 25, 1984.
20.
Rothbart, M., & Maccoby, E.E. (1966): Parent's differential reactions to sons and daughters . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 237-243.
21.
Saegert, S., & Hart, R. (1977): The development of environmental competence in girls and boys. TAASP Newsletter, 3, 8-13.
22.
Snyder, E.E., & Spreitzer, D. (1976): Correlates of sport participation among adolescent girls, Research Quarterly, 47(4), 804-809.
23.
Stoll, S.Inbar, M. & Fennessey, J.S. (1968): Game experience and socialization: An exploratory study of sex differences. Baltimore: (Report No. 30). The Center for the Study of Social Organization of Schools, Johns Hopkins University.
24.
Tasch, R.G. (1952): The role of the father in the family. Journal of Experimental Education, 20, 319-361.
25.
Tasch, R.J. (1955): Interpersonal perceptions of fathers and mothers . Journal of Genetic Psychology, 87, 59-65.
26.
Tomeh, A.K. (1975): The family and sex roles. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
27.
Watson, G.G. (1975): Sex-role socialization and the competitive process in Little Athletics. The Australian Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 70, 10-21.
28.
Wohl, A. (1966): Conception and range of sport sociology. International Review of Sport Sociology (Warsaw), Vol. 1.
