Abstract
A Polish (N = 1000) - Hungarian (N = 259) comparative investigation using empirical data analyzes the popular concepts and estimation of physical culture. In the population examined, consisting of secondary school students and their parents, the popular and theoretical definitions are rather different. Four main concepts of physical culture were differentiated. For the theoretical framework of this research, the Marxist concept of F. Takacs was used, as well as those of Polish experts. There are national and generational differences in attitude regarding certain aspects of physical culture, with the Hungarians and older people tending to greater skepticism, and Poles and younger people to more positive viewpoints. However, in both the Polish and Hungarian samples, the majority considers physical education and sport to be a means of developing physical abilities, but not of forming personality traits, revealing a rather contradictory attitude toward it.
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