Social Determinants and Health Insurance Inequalities Among Children Younger Than Five in Indonesia: A Secondary Analysis of the 2022 SUSENAS

Abstract

Child health and well-being remain a challenge in Indonesia, partly due to low health insurance coverage among children younger than five, especially in informal sector households. Many informal workers are not classified as poor, making insurance unaffordable for their families. Using data from the 2022 National Socio-economic Survey (SUSENAS), this study examined the social determinants of health insurance ownership among children younger than five years old, focusing on household head employment, child health, and family well-being. Results show that children from households of informal workers are less likely to be insured than those from formal sector households (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.80, 95% CI [0.76, 0.84]). Low education (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI [1.23, 1.37]) and poverty further reduce access, while having a national identity number (AOR = 4.10, 95% CI [3.78, 4.45]) increase the likelihood of coverage.