Variations of Eating Behaviors Among Vietnamese Preschool Children and Their Association With Children’s Anthropometric Z -Scores: Results From Analyses of the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 10 000 Children
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online November, 2024
Variations of Eating Behaviors Among Vietnamese Preschool Children and Their Association With Children’s Anthropometric Z -Scores: Results From Analyses of the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 10 000 Children
Eating behaviors, which are shaped during childhood, are one of the important factors influencing children’s growth. This study aimed to investigate the variations in eating behaviors among Vietnamese preschool children aged 3 to 6 years using the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) and their association with anthropometric Z-scores. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 10 172 children from 36 to 72 months old, recruited from three different socioeconomic regions of Hanoi. Differentiation of eating behaviors between two sexes was observed across all age groups, but most obvious at 36 to 48 months of age. The subscales of emotional overeating (EOE), enjoyment of food (EF), and desire to drink (DD) were higher in 60- to 72-month age groups and vice versa for slowness in eating (SE) and emotional undereating (EUE) subscales. Analyses using the general linear model showed that CEBQ subscales were associated with anthropometric Z-scores in both girls and boys.
United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, and International Bank for Reconstruction Development/The World Bank. Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition: UNICEF / WHO / World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates: Key Findings of the 2023 Edition. United Nations Children’s Fund and World Health Organization; 2023.
2.
PerissinottoEPisentCSergiGGrigolettoF; ILSA Working Group (Italian Longitudinal Study on Ageing). Anthropometric measurements in the elderly: age and gender differences. Br J Nutr. 2002;87(2):177-186.
3.
DavyBMHarrellKStewartJKingDS.Body weight status, dietary habits, and physical activity levels of middle school-aged children in rural Mississippi. South Med J. 2004;97(6):571-577.
4.
McCarthyEKChaoimhCMurrayDMHourihaneJOKennyLCKielyM.Eating behaviour and weight status at 2 years of age: data from the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(12):1356-1359.
5.
SuttonCAL’InsalataAMFazzinoTL.Reward sensitivity, eating behavior, and obesity-related outcomes: a systematic review. Physiol Behav. 2022;252:113843.
6.
GioxariAAmerikanouCPerakiSKalioraACSkouroliakouM.Eating behavior and factors of metabolic health in primary schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in Greek children. Nutrients. 2023;15(16):3592.
7.
IssanchouSHabeat consortium. Determining factors and critical periods in the formation of eating habits: results from the HabEat project. Ann Nutr Metab. 2017;70(3):251-256.
8.
SleddensEFKremersSPThijsC.The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire: factorial validity and association with Body Mass Index in Dutch children aged 6-7. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008;5(1):49.
9.
VianaVSindeSSaxtonJC.Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire: associations with BMI in Portuguese children. Br J Nutr. 2008;100(2):445-450.
10.
WebberLHillCSaxtonJVan JaarsveldCHMWardleJ.Eating behaviour and weight in children. Int J Obes. 2008;33(1):21-28.
11.
AshcroftJSemmlerCCarnellSvan JaarsveldCHMWardleJ.Continuity and stability of eating behaviour traits in children. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;62(8):985-990.
12.
HaycraftEFarrowCMeyerCPowellFBlissettJ.Relationships between temperament and eating behaviours in young children. Appetite. 2011;56(3):689-692.
13.
EkASorjonenKEliK, et al. Associations between parental concerns about preschoolers’ weight and eating and parental feeding practices: results from analyses of the child eating behavior questionnaire, the child feeding questionnaire, and the lifestyle behavior checklist. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(1):e0147257.
14.
SpenceJCCarsonVCaseyLBouleN.Examining behavioural susceptibility to obesity among Canadian pre-school children: the role of eating behaviours. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2011;6(2-2):e501-e507.
15.
SvenssonVLundborgLCaoYNowickaPMarcusCSobkoT.Obesity related eating behaviour patterns in Swedish preschool children and association with age, gender, relative weight and parental weight-factorial validation of the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8(1):134.
16.
AyreSGallegosDNambiarSTranCQDoDNJansenE.Preliminary exploration of the use of the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) in Vietnamese mothers. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022;76(3):442-449.
17.
AyreSKJansenEGallegosDTranCQDoDNNambiarS.Initial investigation of associations between feeding practices, eating behaviours, and weight status in Vietnamese children using modified questionnaires. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2022;16(4):301-306.
18.
TayCWChinYSLeeSTKhouwIPohBKSEANUTS Malaysia Study Group. Association of eating behavior with nutritional status and body composition in primary school-aged children. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2016;28(5 suppl):47S-58S.
19.
WardleJGuthrieCASandersonSRapoportL.Development of the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;42(7):963-970.
20.
JansenPWRozaSJJaddoeVW, et al. Children’s eating behavior, feeding practices of parents and weight problems in early childhood: results from the population-based Generation R Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9(1):130.
21.
HendriksAEMNederkoornCvan LierIMJvan BelkomBBastAHavermansRC. Sensory-specific satiety, the variety effect and physical context: does change of context during a meal enhance food intake?Appetite. 2021;163:105179.
22.
ZemanJCassanoMPerry-ParrishCStegallS.Emotion regulation in children and adolescents. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2006;27(2):155-168.
23.
TorresSJNowsonCA.Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity. Nutrition. 2007;23(11-12):887-894.
24.
HerleMFildesALlewellynCH.Emotional eating is learned not inherited in children, regardless of obesity risk. Pediatr Obes. 2018;13(10):628-631.
25.
BradenARheeKPetersonCBRydellSAZuckerNBoutelleK.Associations between child emotional eating and general parenting style, feeding practices, and parent psychopathology. Appetite. 2014;80:35-40.
26.
DerksIPMBolhuisKSijbrandsEJGGaillardRHillegersMHJJansenPW. Predictors and patterns of eating behaviors across childhood: results from The Generation R study. Appetite. 2019;141:104295.
27.
HarroldJADoveyTMBlundellJEHalfordJCG. CNS regulation of appetite. Neuropharmacology. 2012;63(1):3-17.
28.
FarrOMLiCRMantzorosCS.Central nervous system regulation of eating: insights from human brain imaging. Metabolism. 2016;65(5):699-713.
29.
dos PassosDRGiganteDPMacielFVMatijasevichA.Children’s eating behaviour: comparison between normal and overweight children from a school in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2015;33(1):42-49.
30.
Nguyen-RodriguezSTUngerJBSpruijt-MetzD.Psychological determinants of emotional eating in adolescence. Eat Disord. 2009;17(3):211-224.
