The present study was conducted to identify the difference of the relationship between lifestyle behaviors with hypertension (HTN) by various body mass index (BMI) categories. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Tianjin urban communities. A total of 26 438 subjects were randomly selected. The authors evaluated associations of lifestyle behaviors with HTN among normal, overweight, and obese adults using a hierarchical logistic model considering the gross domestic product of residence as socioeconomic proxy. A positive association was found between BMI and the risk of HTN among male and female subjects. Current smoking was associated with a higher risk of HTN in overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.36) and obese groups (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03-1.53). There were statistically significant associations of current drinking with risk of HTN in normal weight (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01-1.31) and overweight groups (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07-1.40). The prevention of overweight and obesity is important in preventing HTN. Additionally, adherence to healthy lifestyle is associated with less risk of HTN in various BMI categories.
EganBMZhaoYAxonRN. US trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, 1988-2008. JAMA. 2010;303:2043-2050.
2.
WuYHuxleyRLiL. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: data from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey 2002. Circulation. 2008;118:2679-2686.
3.
EsteghamatiAMeysamieAKhalilzadehO. Third National Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD-2007) in Iran: methods and results on prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, central obesity, and dyslipidemia. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:167.
4.
PoirierPGilesTDBrayGA. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: an update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease from the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2006;113:898-918.
5.
RedonJCea-CalvoLMorenoB. Independent impact of obesity and fat distribution in hypertension prevalence and control in the elderly. J Hypertens. 2008; 26:1757-1764.
6.
KumanyikaSKObarzanekEStettlerN. Population-based prevention of obesity: the need for comprehensive promotion of healthful eating, physical activity, and energy balance: a scientific statement from American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Interdisciplinary Committee for Prevention (formerly the expert panel on population and prevention science). Circulation. 2008;118:428-464.
7.
KatzEGStevensJTruesdaleKPCaiJNorthKE. Interactions between obesity, parental history of hypertension, and age on prevalent hypertension: the People’s Republic of China Study [published online ahead of print June 8, 2011]. Asia Pac J Public Health.
8.
KelleyGAKelleyKS. Progressive resistance exercise and resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2000;35:838-843.
9.
SinghRBSuhILSinghVP. Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention. J Hum Hypertens. 2000;14:749-763.
10.
WinnickiMSomersVKDorigattiF. Lifestyle, family history and progression of hypertension. J Hypertens. 2006;24:1479-1487.
11.
De GaudemarisRLangTChatellierG. Socioeconomic inequalities in hypertension prevalence and care: the IHPAF Study. Hypertension. 2002;39:1119-1125.
12.
KivimakiMKinnunenMLPitkanenTVahteraJElovainioMPulkkinenL. Contribution of early and adult factors to socioeconomic variation in blood pressure: thirty-four-year follow-up study of school children. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:184-189.
13.
WooJChanRLeungJWongM. Relative contributions of geographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors to quality of life, frailty, and mortality in elderly. PLoS One. 2010;5:e8775.
14.
DraganoNBobakMWegeN. Neighbourhood socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors: a multilevel analysis of nine cities in the Czech Republic and Germany. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:255.
15.
GovilSRWeidnerGMerritt-WordenTOrnishD. Socioeconomic status and improvements in lifestyle, coronary risk factors, and quality of life: the Multisite Cardiac Lifestyle Intervention Program. Am J Public Health. 2009;99:1263-1270.
16.
TanAKDunnRASamadMIFeisulMI. Sociodemographic and health-lifestyle determinants of obesity risks in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2011;23:192-202.
17.
Committee for Compiling of Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Patients with Hypertension. Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of patients with hypertension. Chin J Hypertens. 2010;18:11-30.
18.
ZhaoWZhaiYHuJ. Economic burden of obesity-related chronic diseases in Mainland China. Obes Rev. 2008;9(suppl 1):62-67.
19.
AppelLJBrandsMWDanielsSRKaranjaNElmerPJSacksFM. Dietary approaches to prevent and treat hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2006;47:296-308.
20.
DickinsonHOMasonJMNicolsonDJ. Lifestyle interventions to reduce raised blood pressure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2006;24:215-233.
21.
GriffithsSM. Leading a healthy lifestyle: the challenges for China. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2010;22(3 suppl):S110-S116.
22.
BurkeVBeilinLJCuttHEMansourJWilsonAMoriTA. Effects of a lifestyle programme on ambulatory blood pressure and drug dosage in treated hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Hypertens. 2005;23:1241-1249.
23.
FormanJPStampferMJCurhanGC. Diet and lifestyle risk factors associated with incident hypertension in women. JAMA. 2009;302:401-411.
24.
HeFJMarkanduNDMacGregorGA. Modest salt reduction lowers blood pressure in isolated systolic hypertension and combined hypertension. Hypertension. 2005;46:66-70.
25.
HeJOgdenLGVupputuriSBazzanoLALoriaCWheltonPK. Dietary sodium intake and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease in overweight adults. JAMA. 1999;282:2027-2034.
26.
GraudalNAGalloeAMGarredP. Effects of sodium restriction on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterols, and triglyceride: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 1998;279:1383-1391.
27.
RiserusUArnlovJBerglundL. Long-term predictors of insulin resistance: role of lifestyle and metabolic factors in middle-aged men. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:2928-2933.
28.
ChiuveSEMcCulloughMLSacksFMRimmEB. Healthy lifestyle factors in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease among men: benefits among users and nonusers of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications. Circulation. 2006;114:160-167.
29.
GoodpasterBHDelanyJPOttoAD. Effects of diet and physical activity interventions on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors in severely obese adults: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2010;304:1795-1802.
30.
BeydounMAWangY. How do socio-economic status, perceived economic barriers and nutritional benefits affect quality of dietary intake among US adults?Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62:303-313.
