This study investigated the effects of the nature of urban development on land surface temperature (LST) and the strengths of different biophysical and anthropogenic factors in explaining the spatial variation of LST at the neighbourhood scale in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images were used to retrieve LST. The study found that the mean LST in Dhaka increased at a rate of 1.26°C per decade between 1991 and 2014. LST is found to be higher in the built-up areas, particularly in informally developed areas (i.e., slum settlements) and unplanned mixed-use areas. The OLS analysis indicates that along with bio-physical factors population density, building density and slum concentrations also have a significant effect on the spatial variation of LST at neighbourhood scales. The study findings suggest a planned development with the provision of vegetation cover and water bodies can significantly reduce the LST in Dhaka.
AhmedB., KamruzzamanM., ZhuX., RahmanM. S., & ChoiK. (2013). Simulating land cover changes and their impacts on land surface temperature in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Remote Sensing, 5(11), 5969–5998.
2.
BBS. (2012). Population and housing census 2011. Community report: Dhaka Zila. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
3.
BirdJ., LiY., RahmanH. Z., RamaM., & VenablesA. J. (2018). Toward great Dhaka: A new urban development paradigm eastward. World Bank.
4.
BrazelA., SeloverN., VoseR., & HeislerG. (2000). The tale of two climates Baltimore and Phoenix urban LTER sites. Climate Research, 15(2), 123–135.
5.
ChanderG., MarkhamB. L., & HelderD. L. (2009). Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors. Remote Sensing of Environment, 113(5), 893–903.
6.
ChouH.-M., ChenC.-R., & NguyenV.-L. (2013). A new design of metal-sheet cool roof using PCM. Energy and Buildings, 57, 42–50.
7.
DecorayE. (2017). How to build safe roofs with corrugated galvanized iron (CGI) sheeting. IFRC-SRU.
8.
DewanA., & CornerR. (2014). Impact of land use and land cover changes on urban land surface temperature. In DewanA. & CornerR. (Eds.), Dhaka megacity: Geospatial perspectives on urbanisation, environment and health (pp. 219–238). Springer.
9.
FoleyJ. A., DeFriesR., AsnerG. P., BarfordC., BonanG., CarpenterS. R., ChapinF. S., CoeM. T., DailyG. C., GibbsH. K., HelkowskiJ. H., HollowayT., HowardE. A., KucharikC. J., MonfredaC., PatzJ. A., PrenticeI. C., RamankuttyN., & SnyderP. K. (2005). Global consequences of land use. Science, 309(5734), 570–574.
10.
GartlandL. M. (2012). Heat islands: Understanding and mitigating heat in urban areas. Taylor & Francis. https://books.google.nl/books?id=oGOsBwAAQBAJ
11.
GianniniM. B., BelfioreO. R., ParenteC., & SantamariaR. (2015). Land surface temperature from Landsat 5 TM images: Comparison of different methods using airborne thermal data. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, 8(3), 83–90.
12.
GruebnerO., SachsJ., NockertA., FringsM., KhanM. M. H., LakesT., & HostertP. (2014). Mapping the slums of Dhaka from 2006 to 2010. In HoS.-Y. & SaurinaC. (Eds.), Dataset papers in science. Hindawi Publishing Corporation.
13.
HandayaniW., & RudiartoI. (2014). Dynamics of urban growth in Semarang Metropolitan–Central Java: An examination based on built-up area and population change. Journal of Geography and Geology, 6(4). Canadian Center of Science and Education: 80.
14.
HossainM. A., & HugginsR. (2021). The environmental and social impacts of unplanned and rapid industrialization in suburban areas: The case of the greater Dhaka region, Bangladesh. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 12(1),73–89.
15.
HossainM. A., SultanaS., & NazemN. I. (2021). Spatial distribution of strategic service infrastructures that favour quality of life (QOL) in the greater Dhaka region (GDR), Bangladesh. SN Social Sciences, 1(8), 1–26.
16.
IslamN., AngelesG., MahbubA., LanceP., & NazemN. I. (2006). Slums of urban Bangladesh: Mapping and census 2005. Dhaka Bangladesh Centre for Urban Studies.
17.
MallickJ., & RahmanA. (2012). Impact of population density on the surface temperature and micro-climate of Delhi. Current Science, 102(12), 1708–1713.
MiaM. B., BhattacharyaR., & WoobaidullahASM. (2017). Correlation and monitoring of land surface temperature, urban heat island with land use-land cover of Dhaka city using satellite imageries. International Journal of Research in Geography (IJRG), 3(4), 10–20.
20.
MillsG. (2008). Luke Howard and the climate of London. Weather, 63(6), 153–157.
PengS., PiaoS., CiaisP., FriedlingsteinP., OttleC., BréonF. M., NanH., ZhouL., & MyneniR. B. (2012). Surface urban heat island across 419 global big cities. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(2), 696–703.
23.
RahmanM. M., AvtarR., YunusA. P., DouJ., MisraP., TakeuchiW., SahuN., KumarP., JohnsonB. A., DasguptaR., KharraziA., ChakrabortyS., & Agustiono KurniawanT. (2020). Monitoring effect of spatial growth on land surface temperature in Dhaka. Remote Sensing, 12(7), 1191.
24.
RajaD. R. (2012). Spatial analysis of land surface temperature in Dhaka metropolitan area. Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, 5, 151–167.
25.
ReibelM., & AgrawalA. (2007). Areal interpolation of population counts using pre-classified land cover data. Population Research and Policy Review, 26(5), 619–633.
26.
SantamourisM. (2013). Energy and climate in the urban built environment. BEST (Buildings Energy and Solar Technology). CRC Press.: https://books.google.nl/books?id=_r_9lPbjxX8C
27.
StoneB., & RodgersM. O. (2001). Urban form and thermal efficiency: How the design of cities influences the urban heat island effect. Journal of the American Planning Association, 67(2), 186–198.
28.
TariqT., & ArchM. (2014, December). An ENVI-met simulation study on urban open spaces of Dhaka. 30th International Plea Conference, Bangladesh, 16–18.
29.
TrotterL., DewanA., & RobinsonT. (2017). Effects of rapid urbanisation on the urban thermal environment between 1990 and 2011 in Dhaka megacity, Bangladesh. AIMS Environmental Science, 4(1), 145–167.
30.
UddinM. J., KhondakerN. A., DasA. K., HossainM. E., MasudA. D. H., ChakmaA. S., NabilaN. A., SaikatM. I., & ChowdhuryA. A. (2016). Baseline study on roof top gardening in Dhaka and Chittagong City of Bangladesh. A final technical report under the project of Enhancing Urban Horticulture.
31.
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2019). World urbanization prospects: The 2018 revision (ST/ESA/SER.A/420).: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf
32.
WaniaA., KemperT., TiedeD., & ZeilP. (2014). Mapping recent built-up area changes in the city of Harare with high-resolution satellite imagery. Applied Geography, 46, 35–44.
33.
YinZ.-Y., StewartD. J., BullardS., & MacLachlanJ. T. (2005). Changes in urban built-up surface and population distribution patterns during 1986–1999: A case study of Cairo, Egypt. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 29(5), 595–616.
34.
ZanderK. K., CadagJ. R., EscarchaJ., & GarnettS. T. (2018). Perceived heat stress increases with population density in urban Philippines. Environmental Research Letters, 13(8), 84009.
35.
ZhangH. (ed.) (2011). The basic properties of building materials. In: Building Materials in Civil Engineering. Woodhead publishing series in civil and structural engineering, 7–423. Woodhead Publishing.
36.
ZhangJ., WangY., & LiY. (2006). A C++ program for retrieving land surface temperature from the data of Landsat TM/ETM+ band6. Computers & Geosciences, 32(10), 1796–1805.
37.
ZhaoL., LeeX., SmithR. B., . (2014). Strong contributions of local background climate to urban heat islands. Nature, 511(7508), 216–219.
