Abstract
Indian megacities are witnessing significant changes in land use in their peri-urban areas due to the location of large infrastructure and development projects such as airports, special economic zones, information technology parks, real estate ventures and ring roads. The location of such projects and consequent land acquisition from rural farmers have serious impacts on vegetable cultivation and their livelihood security in the peri-urban areas. The present article deals with land acquisition for an outer ring road, a 159-km-long eight-lane express highway, around the Hyderabad city and its impact on loss of vegetable cultivation. Based on secondary and primary data, the study brings out that the loss of land had an adverse impact on the extent of vegetable cultivation and the economic security of the rural folks. Though the incomes from vegetable cultivation were not very high, they were earning incomes regularly from this activity and were able to support their families including children’s education, clearing small debts, meeting household expenses, etc. The loss of such regular income has adversely affected their livelihood security. With the loss of land, they have also lost income from cattle rearing and dairying. Many of them could not cultivate their remaining lands as the massive new road separated them from those lands with reduced access. A good number of them have become poorer and became unskilled workers in the nearby factories or construction sites as they have no knowledge of any occupation other than agricultural work. The Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) Policy for the project-affected families (PAFs) introduced by the Government of Andhra Pradesh is not applicable to the outer ring road as it is not an irrigation project. As a consequence, the affected people in the villages did not qualify for R&R benefits under this policy except cash compensation for the lost lands. The Master Plan for Hyderabad Metropolitan Region-2031 also does not mention the preservation of vegetable cultivation areas in the zoning regulations.
印度巨型城市的郊区正在经历土地利用的巨大变化，这与大型基础设施和发展项目的选址有关，包括机场、特殊经济区、信息技术园区、房地产投资、环城公路等项目。这些项目的选址以及随之而来的农民土地收购对于郊区蔬菜种植和民生保障产生了显著影响。本文主要涉及围绕 Hyderabad 市的外环公路土地征收及其对蔬菜种植的损失造成的影响，这条公路长 159 公里，包括 8 条车道。基于一手和二手的数据，研究指出土地流失对蔬菜种植和农民经济安全造成了不利影响。虽然农民从蔬菜种植当中获得的收入并不是很高，但他们定期从蔬菜种植中获得的收入能够支撑他们的家庭，包括子女教育、偿还小额债务、满足家庭开支等。这种固定收入的丧失对他们的生活保障造成了不利影响。随着土地的流失，他们也失去了牛的饲养和乳品的收入。他们当中的许多人没办法再到他们的剩余土地上去耕种，因为大量新的道路导致他们和剩余土地之间的通道减少从而被隔离开来。相当数量的人变得贫穷，在附近的工厂或建筑工地上成为非技术工人，因为他们除了务农并不掌握其他技能。由 Andhra Pradesh 政府提出的受项目影响家庭的移民安置政策 (PAFS) 并不适用于外环路项目，因为它不是一个灌溉工程。其结果是，受影响村民除了土地流转的现金补偿以外，在现行政策下并不能从 R&R（村民安置和村庄复兴计划）中获得好处。2031 Hyderabad 都市圈总体规划在分区规划中也没有提及蔬菜种植区的保护问题。
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