All that mankind seeks from the dawn of civilisation to this epoch is sustainable development (SD). Due to a lack of SD, Second World War broke out and devastated Europe and retrogressed her to the status of underdevelopment. To recue Europe from the ruins, the U.S. introduced Marshall Plan (MP)—a programme of actions and projects with huge financial aid aimed at reviving and restoring Europe from the aftermaths of the war. Through MP, Europe ‘miraculously’ recovered and developed again within a brief period, and since then, Europe has been sustaining the development till date. The article argued that MP did not restore Europe because of the huge amount committed to it as many scholars claim. Rather, because of the already-built political economy of quality human resource/capital, politico-administrative capabilities and patriotism already in existence. Unlike the third world countries that have received their own versions of MP in foreign aids, programmes, loans, projects, and so on, without commiserate development.
AbahN.2007. Development Administration: A Multi-disciplinary Approach. Enugu: Johnkens and Willy International Limited.
2.
African Development Bank Group. 2014. ‘“The Human Person at the Centre of Development” – Leaders Gather at the Vatican to Promote a More Inclusive Global Economy’. https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/the-human-person-at-the-centre-of-development-leaders-gather-at-the-vatican-to-promote-a-more-inclusive-global-economy-13362
3.
All Africa News. 2021. ‘Nigeria’s Debt Profile to Hit N36.3trn as President Buhari Seeks Fresh N2.3trn Loan’. https://allafrica.com/stories/202105190081.html
4.
AmerianS. M.2014. ‘Buying European: The Marshall Plan and American Department Stores’. Diplomatic History39, no. 1: 45–69. 10.1093/dh/dht130
5.
ArmstrongM.2012. Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Management, 12th ed. London: Kogan Page.
6.
ArushanyanY., EkenerE., and MobergÅ.. 2017. ‘Sustainability Assessment Framework for Scenarios—SAFS’. Environmental Impact Assessment Review63: 23–34. 10.1016/j.eiar.2016.11.001
7.
BerleA.2015. ‘The Marshall Plan in the European Struggle’. Social Research15, no. 1: 1–21.
8.
Bloomberg. 2019. ‘Nigeria Owes More Money to China than Any Other Country’. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-06/nigeria-owes-more-money-to-china-than-any-other-country-chart
9.
BoyerR., PetersonN., AroraP., and CaldwellK.. 2016. ‘Five Approaches to Social Sustainability and An Integrated Way Forward’. Sustainability8: 1–18. 10.3390/su8090878
10.
BradfordJ. DeLong, and BarryEichengreen. 2003. ‘The Marshall Plan: History’s Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program’. In Postwar Economic Reconstruction and its Lessons for the East Today, edited by DornbuschRudiger, NollingWillem, and LayardRichard. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
11.
Brookings Institution Report. 2018. ‘Rethinking Global Poverty Reduction in 2019’. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2018/12/13/rethinking-global-poverty-reduction-in-2019/
12.
ByanyimaW.2015. Human Development is About Putting People at the Center. Human Development Reports. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-about-putting-people-center
13.
ChiwanzaH.2018. ‘The Top Ten African Countries With the Largest Chinese Debt’. The African Exponent, October2, 2018. https://www.africanexponent.com/post/9183-here-are-the-top-ten-countries-in-africa-bearing-the-largest-chinese-debt
14.
CollinsM.2018. ‘Africa Needs the Right Mindsets, Rather than More Funding— Kagame’. The New Times, August3, 2018. https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/africa-funding-kagame
15.
Congressional Research Service. 2021. ‘The Peace Corps: Overview and Issues’. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21168.pdf
16.
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. 1999. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Abuja: Government Press.
17.
CoxMichael, and Kennedy-PipeCaroline. 2005. ‘The Tragedy of American Diplomacy? Rethinking the Marshall Plan’. Journal of Cold War Studies7, no. 1: 97–134.
18.
CrossmanA.2020. ‘Understanding Functionalist Theory: One of the Major Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology’. https://www.thoughtco.com/functionalist-perspective-3026625
19.
DarlingN.2007. ‘Ecological Systems Theory: The Erson in the Center of the Circles’. Research in Human Development4, no. 3–4: 203–17. 10.1080/15427600701663023
20.
DeepakL., and SarathR.. 2007. The Triumph of Hope Over Experience: A Marshall Plan for Sub-Saharan Africa?American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, No. 2. 1–7.
21.
DidenkoDmitry V.2013. ‘Statistika finansirovaniya rossiyskogo obrazovaniya I nauki: O chem svidetelstvuyut istoricheskiye dannye (konec xix-nachalo xxiv.)’. Finansy I kredit34: 71–80.
22.
EmasR.2015. The Concept of Sustainable Development: Definition and Defining Principles. 10.13140/RG.2.2.34980.22404
23.
Fund for Peace. 2019. ‘Fragile States Index Annual Report 2019’. www.fragilestatesindex.org
24.
Global Terrorism Index. 2020. ‘Global Terrorism Index 2020: The Ten Countries Most Impacted by Terrorism’. https://www.visionofhumanity.org/global-terrorism-index-2020-the-ten-countries-most-impacted-by-terrorism/
25.
GoldsmithC.2019. ‘Is a New Debt Crisis Mounting in Africa?’World Finance, August5, 2019. https://www.worldfinance.com/special-reports/is-a-new-debt-crisis-mounting-in-africa
26.
HalisçelikE., and SoytasM. A.. 2019. ‘Sustainable Development from Millennium 2015 to Sustainable Development Goals 2030’. Sustainable Development27, no. 5: 1–29. 10.1002/sd.1921
27.
HassanSyed Tauseef, BalochMuhammad Awais, MahmoodNasir, and ZhangJianWu. 2019. ‘Linking Economic Growth and Ecological Footprint Through Human Capital and Biocapacity’. Sustainable Cities and Society47: 101516.
28.
HitchcockWilliam I.2013. ‘The Marshall Plan and the Creation of the West’. In The Cambridge History of the Cold War, edited by LefflerMelvyn P., 154–74. London: Cambridge University Press.
29.
HoodC.1991. ‘A Public Management for All Seasons?’Public Administration69, no. 1: 3–19.
30.
HubbardG.2007. ‘A Real Marshall Plan for Africa’. Remarks at Harvard Law School, November5, 2007. https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty/ghubbard/Articles%20for%20Web%20Site/11.5.07%20A%20Real%20Marshall%20Plan%20for%20Africa.pdf
31.
IbietanJ.2014. ‘Conceptual Issues in Development Administration’. International Journal of Innovative Education Research2, no. 2: 19–31.
32.
IkeanyibeO. M.2017. ‘Bureaucratization and Administrative Development in Africa: A Reading of Riggs’ Theory of Prismatic Society’. Public Administration and Development37, no. 1: 1–12. 10.1002/pad.1816
33.
JudtTony. 2006. Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945. New York: The Penguin Press.
34.
JunejaP.2020. ‘What is Development Administrative?’https://www.managementstudyguide.com/development-administration.htm
35.
KiantoAino, JosuneSáenz, and NekaneAramburu. 2017. ‘Knowledge-Based Human Resource Management Practices, Intellectual Capital and Innovation’. Journal of Business Research81: 11–20.
36.
KlarinT.2018. ‘The Concept of Sustainable Development: From its Beginning to the Contemporary Issues’. Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business21, no. 1: 67–94. 10.2478/zireb-2018-0005
37.
KotsantonisSakis, and GeorgeSerafeim. 2020. ‘Human Capital and the Future of Work: Implications for Investors and ESG Integration’. Journal of Financial Transformation51: 115–30.
38.
KozienA.2021. ‘The Principle of Sustainable Development as the Basis for Weighing the Public Interest and Individual Interest in the Scope of the Cultural Heritage Protection Law in the European Union’. Sustainability13: 3985. 10.3390/su13073985
39.
KrollC., WarcholdA., and PradhanP.. 2019. ‘Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Are We Successful in Turning Trade-Offs into Synergies?’Palgrave Communications5: 140. 10.1057/s41599-019-0335-5
40.
LefflerM. P.2018. ‘Divide and Invest: Why the Marshall Plan Worked’. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/review-essay/2018-06-14/divide-and-invest
41.
LuetzJ. M., and WalidM.. 2019. ‘Social Responsibility Versus Sustainable Development in United Nations Policy Documents: A Meta analytical Review of Key Terms in Human Development Reports’. In Social Responsibility and Sustainability; World Sustainability Series, edited by FilhoW. Leal, 301–34. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
MehringF.2012. ‘The Promises of “Young Europe”: Cultural Diplomacy, Cosmopolitanism, and Youth Culture in the Films of the Marshall Plan’. European Journal of American Studies7, no. 2. 10.4000/ejas.9701
44.
MensahJ.2019. ‘Sustainable Development: Meaning, History, Principles, Pillars, and Implications for Human Action: Literature Review’. Cogent Social Sciences5, no. 2: 1–16. 10.1080/23311886.2019.1653531
45.
MohammedU.2013. ‘Corruption in Nigeria: A Challenge to Sustainable Development in the Fourth Republic’. European Scientific Journal9: 118–37.
46.
NnamaniL. C.2009. Politics of Development and Underdevelopment. Enugu: John Jacob’s Classic Publishers Ltd.
47.
O’BrienS.2014. ‘Questioning the Marshall Plan in the Buildup to the Cold War’. https://www.unh.edu/inquiryjournal/spring-2014/questioning-marshall-plan-buildup-cold-war
48.
OECD. 2000. Towards Sustainable Development: Indicators to Measure Progress. Paris: OECD Publications.
49.
OnahC. C.2018. ‘The Effect of Self-Help as a Productive Strategy for Sustainable Community Development in Nigeria’. International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)7, no. 5: 32–9.
50.
OnahC. C., AdumaA., and ObiD.. 2021. ‘Mercantilism in Perspective: A Historic Review’. Global Economy Journal21, no. 1: 1–17. 10.1142/S2194565921500019
51.
OnahC. C., and AsaduI.. 2019. ‘Conflict Management and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Nexus and Strategies’. Journal of Liberal Studies17, no. 2: 365–73.
52.
OnuAugustine. 2017. ‘Conflict Resolution in Traditional African Societies’. In Social Science Perspectives to Peace and Conflict, edited by OnuAugustine., Vol. 2, 193–214. Nsukka: Grand-Heritage Global Communications.
53.
OsborneD., and GaeblerT.. 1992. Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
54.
OtenyoE.E., and LindN. S.. 2015. ‘Part 11: Administrative Development and Development Administration’. Research in Public Policy Analysis and Management15: 221–30. 10.1016/s0732-1317(06)15050-2
55.
PaulS. C.2000. ‘Government’s Greatest Achievements of the Past Half Century’. Brookings Institution. http://www.brookings.edu/papers/2000/11governance_light.aspx
56.
PedroncelliP.2020. ‘10 African Countries that are in Debt to China’. The Moguldom Nation, March9, 2020. https://moguldom.com/262023/10-african-countries-that-are-in-debt-to-china/
57.
Piwowar-SulejKatarzyna. 2021. ‘Human Resources Development as an Element of Sustainable HRM – With the Focus on Production Engineers’. Journal of Cleaner Production278: 124008.
58.
PritchettL., WoolcockM., and AndrewsM.. 2013. ‘Looking Like a State: Techniques of Persistent Failure in State Capability for Implementation’. Journal of Development Studies49, no. 1: 1–18. 10.1080/00220388.2012.709614
59.
PurvisB., MaoY., and RobinsonD.. 2018. ‘Three Pillars of Sustainability: In Search of Conceptual Origins’. Sustainability Science14: 681–95. 10.1007/s11625-018-0627-5
60.
RathodP. B.2010. Elements of Development Administration: Theory and Practice, 1–33. Jaipur, India: ABD Publishers. www.abdpublishers.com
61.
ReinertE.2015. ‘Why We Need a Global Marshall Plan’. World Economic Forum, April22, 2015. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/04/why-we-need-a-global-marshall-plan/
62.
RodneyW.1972. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Abuja: Panaf Publishing, Inc.
63.
SoesastroH.2004. Sustaining East Asia’s Economic Dynamism: The Role of Aid. Indonesia: CSIS. https://www.oecd.org/governance/pcsd/31970823.pdf
64.
StockTim, ObenausMichael, KunzSascha, and KohlHolger. 2018. ‘Industry 4.0 as Enabler for a Sustainable Development: A Qualitative Assessment of its Ecological and Social Potential’. Process Safety and Environmental Protection118: 254–67.
65.
StreetenP.1994. ‘Human Development: Means and Ends’. The American Economic Review84, no. 2: 232–7.
66.
SubramonyMahesh, JesseSegers, ClintChadwick, and AartiShyamsunder. 2018. ‘Leadership Development Practice Bundles and Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Human Capital and Social Capital’. Journal of Business Research83: 120–29.
67.
TarnoffC.2018. ‘The Marshall Plan: Design, Accomplishments, and Significance’. Congressional Research Service. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R45079.pdf
68.
TashevaSabina, and HillmanAmy J.. 2019. ‘Integrating diversity at different levels: Multilevel human capital, social capital, and demographic diversity and their implications for team effectiveness’. Academy of Management Review44: 746–65.
69.
ThompsonP. B.2017. The Spirit of the Soil: Agriculture and Environmental Ethics. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
70.
Transparency International. 2020. ‘Corruption Perceptions Index 2020’. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2020/index/nzl
71.
United Nations (UN). 2012. The Future We Want. Resolution Adopted By the General Assembly on 27 July 2012 (A/RES/66/288). New York: United Nations.
72.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). n.d. ‘The Sustainable Development Goals in Action (THE SDGS IN ACTION)’. https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals
73.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 2019. Human Development Report 2020. The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/NGA.pdf
74.
United Nations Human Rights (UNHR). 2011. Putting People at the Centre of Development. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/PeopleAtTheCentre.aspx
75.
United Nations Human Rights (UNHR). 2016. Declaration on the Right to Development. General Assembly resolution 41/128 of 4 December 1986. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/FSheet37_RtD_EN.pdf
76.
U.S. State Department. 1947. Foreign Relations of the United States, Vol. III: The British Commonwealth; Europe. Compiled by University of Wisconsin Digital Collections (2011). http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/FRUS.FRUS1947v03
77.
WorkmanD.2021. Palm Oil Exports By Country’. World’s Top Exports, August27, 2021. https://www.worldstopexports.com/palm-oil-exports-by-country/
78.
World Bank. 1993. The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.
79.
World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). 1987. Our Common Future. London: Oxford University Press.
80.
World Development Report. 2011. Lessons from the Marshall Plan. Berkeley: University of California. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/907961468155715855/pdf/62O42OWPOLessoOBOXO361475BOOPUBLICO.pdf
