House of Cards: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia

1. Gerald D. Helman Steven R. Ratner , “Saving Failed States.” Foreign Policy, No. 89 (Winter 1992), p. 3.

2. Foreign Policy Bulletin, II, 3 (November/December 1991), 39.

3. Thomas Butler , “The Ends of History: Balkan Culture and Catastrophe,” Washington Post (August 30, 1992), p. Helen E. Purkitt , Ed. World Politics 93–94 (Guilford, CT: Dushkin Publishing, 1993), pp. 92–94.

4. Ibid., p. 93.

5. Michael Ignatieff , “The Balkan Tragedy,” The New York Review of Books (May 13, 1993), p. 3.

6. Lenard J. Cohen , “Disintegration of Yugoslavia,” Current History, XCI 568 (November 1992), 370.

7. Rebecca West , Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, cited in Cvijeto Job, Yugoslavia's Ethnic Furies, Foreign Policy, XCII (Fall 1993), 53.

8. Ignatieff , “Balkan Tragedy,” p. 3.

9. Job. “Yugoslavia's Furies.” pp. 63–64.

10. Misha Glenny , “Bosnia-What Can Be Done?” The New York Review of Books (May 27, 1993). p. 14.

11. Egon Zizmond , “The Collapse of the Yugoslav Economy.” Soviet Studies, XLIV, 1 (1992), 102.

12. Ibid., p. 107.

13. This geological metaphor is borrowed from Michael T. Klare , “The New Challenges to Global Security,” Current History, XCII. 573 (April 1993), 155.

14. Zizmond , “Collapse of Yugoslav Economy,” pp. 110–111.

15. Steven L. Burg , “Nationalism Redux: Through the Glass of Post-Communist States Darkly,” Current History, XCII; 573 (April 1993), 163.

16. Gale Stokes , The Walls Came Tumbling Down: The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 231.

17. See the dismal economic performance of Ramiz Sadiku, a Kosovo subsidiary of the Serbian automotive manufactures Zavodi Crvena Zastava at Kragujevac in Michael Palairet, “Ramiz Sadiku: A Case Study in the Industrialization of Kosovo,” Soviet studies, XLIV, 5 (1902), 897–912.

18. World Press Review. p. 15.

19. Ignatieff , “Balkan Tragecy”, p. 3.

20. Josef Joffe , “New Europe: Yesterday's Ghosts,” Foreign Affairs, LXXII, 1 (1993), 31.

21. Walter Liqueur , Europe in Our Time: A History 19–15–1992 (New York: Penguin Books, 1992), p. 548.

22. Stoke , Walls Came Tumbling Down p. 233.

23. Cited in John Danton , “Docs the World Still Recognize a Holocaust?” The New York Times (April 25, 1993), pp. 1–5.

24. Stoke , Walls Came Tumbling Down p. 223.

25. World Press Review (February 1993), p. 15.

26. Glenny , “Bosnia,” p. 14.

27. Reprinted as “The Balkans: Ethnic Identity versus the Modern Nation” in World Press Review (June 1993). p. 8.

28. For a first-hand account of Serbian “ethnic cleansing” in Kosovo (or Kosova, as it is spelled by its Albanian population constituting 90 per cent of 2.2 million people), see David N. Dorn , “A War Against Children.” American Educator, XVII, 1 (Spring 1993). 36–41.

29. Glenny , “Bosnia,” p. 14.

30. The Statesman Journal Salem OR (May 23, 1993). p. 5 A. See also ibid. (May 31, 1993), p. 10 A. The numbers for casualties have considerably multiplied since May 1993.

31. Dorn “War Against Children,” p. 36.

32. Cited in Glenny “Bosnia.” p. 15.

33. See the Security Council resolutions 713,721, 724 in 1991; 727, 740, 743,749,752,758,761, 762,770,771,779,781,787 in 1092; 808,824, 827, 836, in 1093 in Foreign Policy Bulletin, III. 1, 2. & 6 (July October 1092); IV, 1, and 2. (July-October 1903).

34. The Future of the Balkans: An Interview with David Owen. Foreign Affairs. LXXII, 2. (Spring 1993). 1–9.

35. Ibid., p. 9. For details on the Vance-Owen Plan see Report of the Secretary General on the International Conferences on the Former Yugoslavia, UN Documents S/24795 (November 11, 1992), pp. 11–24.

36. Time (August 23 1993), p. 43.

37. The Guardian (August 5 1993), p. 1. See also The Times of India (August 13 & 14 1993). pp. 11 and 13 respectively.

38. The Statesman (August 29 1993). p. 5.and (September 1, 1993). 1993), pp. 52, 55.

39. The Statesman (August 18. 1993). p. 5.

40. Time (September 13 1993), p. 54. See also The Statesman (August 30, 1993), p. 5.

41. The Statesman (August 29 1993), p. 5.

42. Ibid. (September 2, 1993), p. 4.

43. Ibid. (September 3, 1993), p. 4.

44. Cited in World Press Review (June 1993), pp. 11–12.

45. The Statesman (September 8 1993), p. 4.

46. The Guardian Weekly (August 8 1993), p. 37.

47. International Herald Tribune (August 3 1993), p. 27.

48. Cited in Catherine Guicherd , “The Hour of Europe: Lessons from the Yugoslav Conflict.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, XVII, 2 (Summer 1993).

49. See the historical analysis of India's ethnoreligious turmoil in Nirad C. Chaudhuri. “The Hindu-Muslim Confrontation in India,” The Statesman (Festival 93), pp. 38–72.

50. Conor Cruise O'Brien , “The Wrath of Ages: Nationalism's Primordial Roots,” Foreign Affairs. LXXII, 5 (November-December 1993), 149.

51. Cited in Grete Gaulin, “A Serb on the Roots of War,” World Press Review (June 1993) p. 10.

52. Foreign Policy Bulletin, IV, 3 (November-December 1993), 52.