Recent Changes in Theory and Practices of Socialism: A General Survey

Nihal Singh S. , “Why Communism Failed in East Europe” The Hindu (Madras), 16 July 1990.

Amartya Sen , The Shortened version of the Presidential Address at the annual Meeting of the Indian Economic Association in Trivandrum in December 1989, pp. 3 and 4.

Krishnendu Ray Ravi Sundaram , “Socialism at the End of the Century: Reflections on an Epoch Passed”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXV, No. 29, July 21, 1990 (Bombay).

Public Opinion, Vol. XXXV, Nos. 5, 6 and 7, February, March and April 1990 (New Delhi: I.I.P.O.) p. 37.

Ibid., p.37.

“Socialism: Theory and Practice — Soviet Scholars Discuss a New Concept of Socialism”, No. 6, June 1990 (New Delhi, the Information Department of the U.S.S.R. Embassy in India), p. 25.

Raeff Marc , “Consequence of Glasnost”, Problems of Communism March — April 1990, p. 105.

Quoted by Seymour Martin lipset. “Politics and Society in the U.S.S.R.: A Traveller's Report”, Political Science and Politics, Vol. XXIII, No. 1, March 1990, p. 22.

Marx Karl Engels Frederick , Manifesto of the Communist Party (Moscow: Progress publishers, 1971), p. 32.

Marx Karl Engels Frederick Lenin V.I. , On Scientific Communism (translated from the Russian and German) Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1967, p. 245.

Marx Karl , Critique of the Gotha Programme (Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1971). Marx explains three stages of socialism in this book.

Quoted by Seymour Martin lipset, “Politics and Society in the U.S.S.R.: A Traveller's Report”, Political Science and Politics, Vol. XXIII, No. 1, March 1990, p. 25.