Indians in Malaysia: An Alternative Approach

1 The Malaysian Prime Minister in a reply to the MIC demand for more seats. Tribune (Chandigarh), 23 July, 1985.

2 The redrawing of Malaysians' electoral boundaries have led to great resentment as it is felt that this favours the rural Malay areas.

3 Times of India (New Delhi), 30 May, 1984.

4 Statesman (New Delhi), 20 November, 1984.

5 Economic Times (New Delhi), 25 September, 1985.

6 Far Eastern Economic Review (FEER) (Hongkong), 10 April, 1986.

7 Quoted in Jackson R.N. , Immigrant Labour and the Development of Malaya, 1786–1920. Kuala Lumpur, Federation of Malaya Government Press, 1961), p. 106.

8 George Netto , Indians in Malaya (Singapore, 1961) p. 44.

9 Chopra P.N. (Ed.) Indians Struggle for Freedom: Role of Associated Movements (Delhi, 1985), Vol. III, p. 513.

10 British Military Administration Series, No. 3862 (National Archives, New Delhi).

11 Anthony Short , The Communist Insurrection in Malaya 1948–1960 (London, Frederick Muller, 1975), p. 32.

12 Brigadier M.C. Henniker , Red Star Over Malaya (London, 1955), p. 154–155. Many Indians were active in the Malayan Democratic Union.

13 Ampalavankar , The Indian Minority and Political Change in Malaya, 1945–47 (Kuala Lumpur, 1981), pp. 154–155.

14 Ibid p. 190.

15 Charles Gamba , The National Union of Plantation Workers of Malaya, 1946–1958 (Singapore, 1962), P. 47.

16 Area Handbook for Malaya and Singapore (Washington D.C., 1965), p. 277.

17 Ampalavankar, n. 12, p. 120.

18 Eight Indians, representing parties other than the MIC won by large majorities. Report of the Parliamentary and Slate Legislative Assembly General Elections, 1969 of the Stales of Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak (Kuala Lumpur, Election Commission, 1969).

19 FEER, 30 August 1974, P. 12.

20 Asia Research Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 2, 31 July 1978.

21 FEER, 30 April, 1982.

22 New Straits Times (Kaula Lumpur), 28 September, 1985.

23 FEER, 11 July, 1985.

24 23 FEER, 1 August, 1985.

25 A motion to set up a labour department within the MIC was defeated in the face of the opposition of the labour leaders who did not want the party to interfere in trade union activities. S. Arasatratnam, “Indian Society of Malaysia and its Leaders; Trends in Leadership and Ideology among Malaysian Indians, 1945–1960”. Journal of South-East Asia Studies, Vol. XIII, No. 2, September 1982 p 236–51.