1 In this article the terms “racism,” “racialism” and “racial prejudice” are used interchangeably.
2.
2 Canadian Institute of Public Opinion, Gallup Poll, November 1981, as reported in The Citizen (Ottawa), 6 March 1982.
3.
3 The “visible” minorities in Canada consist mainly of “Orientals” (Chinese, Japanese, etc.), “East Indians” (Indians, Pakistanis, etc.). and Blacks (mainly immigrants from the West Indies). Following is a current estimate of the population of these groups in the Canadian ethnic mosaic: Orientals 400,000; East Indians 300,000; Blacks 200,000. For a brief description of the overseas Indian communities in Canada and elsewhere in the world see Prakash C. Jain, “Indians Abroad: A Current Population Estimate,” Economic and Political Weekly (Bombay), Vol. XVII, no. 8, 20, Feburary 1982, pp. 299–304.
4.
4 FrancesHenry, The Dynamics of Racism in Toronto: Research Report, (Toronto, 1978), (Mimeographed).
5.
5 Ibid., p. 52.
6.
6 In the Western hemisphere, people of Indian origin are generally referred to as “East Indians” which distinguishes them from the native Indians on the one hand, and the West Indians (people of the West Indies) on the other. Both terms “Indian” and “East Indian” are used in the following pages.
7.
7 PeterS. Li, “Prejudice Against Asians in a Canadian City,” Canadian Ethnic Studies, Vol. XI, no. 2, 1979, pp. 70–77.
8.
8 Ibid., p. 75.
9.
9 NancyTienhaara, Canadian Views on Immigration and Population: An Analysis of Post-War Gallup Polls, Department of Manpower and Immigration (Ottawa, 1974), p. 29.
