Energy security is considered to be a universal issue in the twenty-first century. It denotes the right to use reliable sources of energy at competitive prices produced in an environmentally sustainable and safe means as well as the security of supply and demand. The strategic significance of energy security has been stirred by the political and economic events since 1970. The purpose of energy security is to guarantee adequate, reliable supplies of energy at reasonable prices in ways that do not endanger major national values and objectives. Energy security has different dimensions that vary from economic, environmental, social, foreign and technological progress which differ from country to country, and also from one period to another. To meet the growing aspirations of the people and the economies of South Asia, countries are under massive social and political strain to secure reliable, sustainable and reasonably priced energy supplies to meet the escalating demand for commercial energy. Energy security is thus no longer merely a catchword but an irrefutable reality for vital economic development throughout South Asia. And energy security will remain a high priority issue all over the world and the duty of ensuring energy security to the people and the state is not only confined to national governments but also to regional and international regime. This article analyses the emerging trends of energy security through the most debated contemporary issues such as climate change, sustainable development and globalisation.
ADB (2009). Energy policy (Working Paper). Manila: Asian Development Bank.
2.
AGECC (2010). Energy for a sustainable future. Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change, Summary Report and Recommendations, New York.
3.
AllenD.RaynorM.E. (2004). Globalization and energy supply: Strategic risk in the 21st century. USA: Deloitte Development LLC.
4.
Al-RodhanN.R.F. (2006). Energy security, globalization, and global security (Editorial of GCSP Policy Brief No. 8). Geneva: Geneva Centre for Security Policy.
5.
Atmanand, GuptaA.KRamanR. (2009). Energy and sustainable development—An Indian perspective. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 54, 128–133.
6.
AugutisJ.KriktolaitisR.PeciulyteS.KonstantinaviciuteI. (2011). Sustainable development and energy security level after Ignalina NPP shutdown. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 17(1), 5–21.
7.
BahgatG. (2006). Europe’s energy security: Challenges and opportunities. International Affairs, 82(5).
8.
BanerjeeD. (2008). SAARC in the 20th year meeting the challenges of a new era (pp. 1–15).
9.
BarnhamK. (2007). ‘If not nuclear, then what?’, in BarnabyFrankKempJames (Eds), Secure energy: Civil nuclear power, security and global warming (pp. 45–49). London: Oxford Research Group.
BensonS M.OrrF.M. (2008b). Sustainability and energy conversions. MRS Bulletin, 33, 297–302.
12.
BolinB. (1998). Key features of the global climate system to be considered in analysis of the climate change issue. Environment and Development Economics, 3, 347–409.
13.
BorghesiS.VercelliA.VerdescaD. (2005). Sustainable globalization and energy. Preliminary version of the paper. Italy: University of Pescara.
14.
BullS R.BillmanL. (2000). Renewable energy: Ready to meet its promise?The Washington Quarterly, 23(1), 229–244.
15.
DemirbasA.DemirbasA.S.DemirbasA.H. (2004). Global energy sources, energy usage, and future developments. Energy Sources, 26(3), 191–204.
16.
DeutchJ.LauvergeonA.PrawiraatmadjaW. (2007). Energy security and climate change. The Triangle Papers: 61. Washington: The Trilateral Commission.
17.
DownsE S. (2004). The Chinese energy security debate. The China Quarterly, 177, 21–41.
EkinsP.WinskelM.SkeaJ. (2011). ‘Putting it all together: Implications for policy and action’, in SkeaJimEkinsPaulWinskelMark (Eds), Energy 2050: Making the transition to a secure low carbon energy system (pp. 341–365). London: Earthscan.
20.
FaaijA.P.C. (2009). ‘Technical and economic potentials of biomass until 2050: Regional relevance for energy security’, in Kameri-Mbote and LiottaPatria (Eds), Globalization and environmental challenges: Reconceptualizing security in the 21st century. New York: Springer-Verlag.
21.
FengyingC.JiejunN. (2008). Asian energy security: The role of China and India. Strategic Analysis, 32(1), 41–55.
22.
Focus on Energy (2008). A sustainable energy checklist for green communities. Renewable Energy, Fact Sheet.
23.
FroggattA.LahnG. (2010). Sustainable energy security: Strategic risks and opportunities for business. White Paper. London: Chatham House.
24.
GaultJ C. (2006). Energy security, globalization, and global security (GCSP Policy Brief No. 8). Geneva: Geneva Centre for Security Policy.
25.
GavinB.LeeS. (2007). Regional energy cooperation in North East Asia: Lessons from the European Experience. AEJ, 5, 401–415.
26.
GoldembergJ.JohanssonT.B.ReddyA.K.N.WilliamsR.H. (2001). Energy for the new millennium. Ambio, 30(6), 330–337.
27.
GTZ (2002). Partnerships for sustainable development: Inputs for international cooperation. German Technical Cooperation, Eschborn.
28.
GTZ (2007). Energising sustainable development. German Technical Cooperation, Eschborn.
29.
HarrisM C. (2001). ‘The globalization of energy markets’, in KuglerRichard L.FrostEllen L. (Eds), Global century: Globalization and national security (pp. 271–282). Washinton, DC: National Defense University Press.
30.
HoldrenJ P.SmithK.R. (2000). ‘Energy, the environment, and health’, in UNDP, UNDESA and WEC (Eds), World energy assessment. New York: UNDP.
31.
ICC (2007). Energy security: A world business perspective. Policy Statement prepared by the Commission on Environment & Energy. Paris: International Chamber of Commerce.
32.
ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability, UNEP and UN-Habitat (2009). ‘Sustainable urban energy planning: A handbook for cities and towns in developing countries’. Retrieved 24October2011, from www.iclei.org
33.
JeffersonM. (2000). ‘Energy policies for sustainable development’, in UNDP, UNDESA and WEC (Eds), World energy assessment. New York: UNDP.
34.
KhatibH. (2000). ‘Energy security’, in UNDP, UNDESA and WEC (Eds), World energy assessment. New York: UNDP.
35.
KlareM T. (2009). Navigating the energy transition. Current History, 26–32.
36.
KlareM T. (2012). The end of easy everything. Current History, 111(741), 24–28.
37.
KoakutsuK.WatanabeR. (2006). ‘Energy security and developmental needs’, in SrinivasanAncha, Asian aspirations for climate regime beyond 2012 (pp. 15–34). Hayama: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies.
38.
KohliP P. (2011). Achieving energy security in South Asia. Environmentalist, June, 1–3.
39.
KundasS.P.TarasenkoV.V.PazniakS.S.GishkelukI.A. (2007). ‘Role of renewable energy sources in enhancement of environmental and energy security of Belarus’, in HullR.N.. (Eds), Strategies to enhance environmental security in transition countries. Netherlands: Springer.
40.
LesterR.SteinfeldE. (2006). China’s energy policy: Is anybody really calling the shots? (Working Paper Series, MIT-IPC-06-002). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
41.
LinS.FengJ.C.KoF.K. (2011). Assessing Taiwan’s energy security under climate change. Natural Hazards, October, 1–13.
42.
MarcusS. (2011). ‘Enlarging the perspective: Energy security via equilibrium, information, and computation’, in GheorgheA.MuresanL. (Eds), Energy security: International and local issues, theoretical perspectives, and critical energy infrastructures. Netherlands: Springer.
43.
McComasP. (2007). The crisis in energy: Can the United States live with an insatiable thirst for more fossil fuels?Topeka High School Cindy Burgett, Washburn Rural High School, Topeka, United States.
44.
MezL. (2011). ‘The future of nuclear energy in the wake of Fukushima’, in NetzerNinaSteinhilberJochen (Eds), The end of nuclear energy? International perspectives after Fukushima (pp. 13–22). Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
45.
MihaelaP. (2008). Globalization and the new energy challenges. Annals of the University of Oradea: Economic Science, 1(1), 170–174.
46.
MulliganS. (2010). Energy, environment, and security: Critical links in a post-peak world. Global Environmental Politics, 10(4), 79–100.
47.
NakicenovicN. (2000). ‘Energy scenarios’, in UNDP, UNDESA and WEC (Eds), World energy assessment. New York: UNDP.
48.
NetzerN.SteinhilberJ. (Eds). (2011). The end of nuclear energy? International perspectives after Fukushima (pp. 3–12). Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
49.
OECD (2007). Energy for sustainable development. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Contribution to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development 15. Paris: OECD.
50.
PattanaikS S. (2006). Making sense of regional cooperation: SAARC at twenty. Strategic Analysis, 30(1), 139–160.
51.
PeacockK W. (2010). Natural resources and sustainable development. New Delhi: Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.
52.
RIS (2008). South Asia development and cooperation report. New Delhi: RIS.
53.
SamiC.M.S. (2008). ‘Connectivity through energy and harmonization of resources’, in BanerjeeDeepankarManoharanN. (Eds), SAARC: Towards greater connectivity. New Delhi: KAS Publication Series.
54.
SARI/ENERGY (2009). Regional energy security for South Asia. Regional Report prepared by SARI/ENERGY Programme. Retrieved 24October2011, from www.sari-emergy.org
55.
SarkarA N. (2009). Global climate change and sustainable energy development. New Delhi: Pentagon Press.
56.
SiddiqiT A. (2007a). Viable and environment friendly sources for meeting South Asia’s growing energy needs. Asia Pacific Issues, (83), August.
57.
SiddiqiT A. (2007b). Addressing energy security concerns in South Asia. Paper presented at the International Energy Workshop, Stanford University.
58.
SklarS. (2007). Renewable energy-trends. Presentation at Airlee House. Virginia: The Stella Group Ltd.
59.
SovacoolB K. (2011). Second thoughts about nuclear power (Policy Brief). Singapore: National University of Singapore.
60.
ThomasS. (2010). The economics of nuclear power: An update. Brussels: Heinrich-Boll-Stiftung.
61.
TremeerG B. (2007). ‘Opportunities for biomass energy programmes—Experiences & lessons learned by UNDP in Europe & the CIS’. GEF Operational Programme Final Project, UNDP.
62.
UNDP, UNDESA and WEC (2000). World energy assessment. New York: UNDP.
63.
WarnerE.RiebeM.KuzmaJ. (2006). Climate change and sustainable development: Paths to progress. Moving Toward Sustainable Energy Systems. A report from the Humphrey Institute workshop series on Workshop II.
64.
WEF (2006). The new energy security paradigm. In partnership with Cambridge Energy Research Associates, The Energy Vision Update, World Economic Forum.
65.
WilliamsR H. (2000). ‘Advanced energy supply technologies’, in UNDP, UNDESA and WEC (Eds), World energy assessment. New York: UNDP.
66.
WinrowG M. (2009). ‘Turkey: Energy security and central asia: The politics and economics of the so-called great game’, in Kameri-Mbote and LiottaPatria (Eds), Globalization and environmental challenges: Reconceptualizing security in the 21st century. New York: Springer-Verlag.
67.
WittonT. (2010). Can Algeria be a stable and sustainable source of energy for Europe? (Mediterranean Paper Series). The German Marshall Fund of the United States, Washington, DC.
68.
WorthJ. (2010). Powering up to zero. New Internationalist, 438, 14–17.
69.
YerginD. (1988). Energy security in the 1990s. Foreign Affairs, 67(1), 110–132.
70.
YerginD. (2006). Ensuring energy security. Foreign Affairs, 85(2), 69–82.
