Caspian Debate and Route Options for Energy Transportation

The Caspian Pipeline Consortium, formed in 1992, has a number of members with Russia having 24 percent shares, Kazakhstan 19 percent, Chevron 15 percent, US-Russian joint Lukarco 12 percent, Mobil 7.5 percent, Rosneft-Shell of Russia, Netherlands and UK 7.5 percent, Oman 7 percent, British Gas 2 percent, Agip of Italy 2 percent, Kazakhstan Pipeline Ventures 1.75 percent and Oryx of US 1.75 percent.

Pipelines: The only way out Petroleum Economist, August, 1998, p. 34.

Ertysbaev E.K. , Eurasian Corridor and the Priorities of Kazakhstan, in Peace and Security in Central Asia, Edited by Singh Jasjit , Occasional Paper Series, Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses, September, 2000, p.26.

Gazeta Obshaya , 25 April-1 May, 2002, also see Elmira Akhundova, The Puzzle of Caspian Arithmetic, Russia and the Muslim World, No. 6, 2002, p.77. (In Russian).

India-CIS Chamber of Commerce and Industry Newsletter, March, 2002, p. 11.

Ibid., p.22.

The Economics, 12 February, 2000, p.30.

The Economist. 11 October, 1997, p.33.

The Economist. 15 November, 1997, p. 69.

Izdubaev Tulegan , Agreement on Eurasian Economic Union Signed, Russia and the Muslim World, No. 1, 2001, pp. 141–143.

Aliev N. Bagirov M. , Azerbaijan worried by Military purchase of Turkmenistan Russia and the Muslim World, No.9, pp. 187–188.

Nurani , The Pre-Caspian Summit Once Again Postponed, Russia and the Muslim World, No.7, 2001, p. 195.

Kozkhantaeva Ulbolsyn , The Southern Route, Delovaya Nedelya, Alma-Ata, 15 October, 2000.

Tebrijli I. , Azerbaijan- Russia: Friends or Enemies? Jerkalo, Baku, 3 February, 2001.

Mukhin Vladimir , Pre-Caspian Countries are Actively Enhancing Their Naval Military Power, Nezebesimaya Gazeta, Moscow, 21 August, 2001.

Dash P.L. , Pipeline Politics: Route Options for Central Asian Oil Trade, Economic and Political Weekly, No. 37, September 9-15, 2000, pp. 3301–3303. Also please refer Geopolitics and Energy Resources in Central Asia and Caspian Sea Region, Edited by Shama-Ud-Din, Lancer Books, New Delhi, 2000.

Summary of World Broadcast, SWB-I, SUM/00581, WE-5, 26 March, 1999.

Summary of World Broadcast, SWB-I, SUW/0563, WE/2, 20 November, 1998.

Russia Energy Survey — 2002, International Energy Agency in Cooperation with Energy Charter, Paris, 2002, p. 14. (please refer to the maps).

Russia and the Muslim World, No.8, 2002, p. 165.