OppenhiemL., International Law, Vol. 1, Lomg mans Green, London, Eight Edition, P. 305
2.
BullHedley (ed), Intervention in World Politics, Oxford University Press, New York, 1984, P. 190
3.
de VattelEmrich, “Le droit des gens,” Book II, P. 54, Text of 1758 with C. G. Fenwick's translation in Classic of International Law, Carnegie Institute Washington, 1916, P. 131
4.
Among outstanding works, WolffChristian, Jus Gentium Methodo Scientifics Pertractum, London, 1934, Vattel. n. 2. Robert Phillimore, Commentaries Upon International Law Vol. I, London, 1879, John Westlake, International Law, Part I, Cambridge 1904, T. J. Lawrence, The Principles of International Law, London, 1910, L. Oppenheim, n. 1., E. C. Stowell, Intervention in International Law, Washington, 1921
5.
HoffmanStanely, “The Problem of Intervention”, in BullHedley (ed), Intervention in World Politics, Oxford University Press, New York, 1984, P.26
6.
PrasadB. A., “Peace Soldiering: Emerging Contours”, Strategic Analysis, Vol XVII, No. 6, September 1994, P. 761
7.
OppenheimL., n. 1, P. 312
8.
Cited in RobertsAdam, “Humanitarian War, Military Intervention and War,”International Affairs, Vol. 69, No. 3July 1993, P. 433
9.
HoffmanStanely, n. 5, P. 26
10.
See ForsytheDavid. P., Human Rights and World Politics, University of Nebraska Press, 1983, Theodore Meron (ed), Human Rights in International Law, 2 Vols, Clarendon Press Oxford, 1984, Moses Moskowitz, International concern with Human Rights, Dobbes Ferry, New York, 1974
11.
See LauterpachtHersch, International Law and Human Rights, New York, 1950, pp 147–48, 151, 178, Rosalyn Higgins, The Development of International Law through the Political Organs of the United Nations, London, 1963, p. 128, Manochehr Ganji, International Protection of Human Rights, Geneva, 1962, pp. 113-23
12.
HudsonManley. O.KelsenHansWatsonJ. S. subscribe to the view that human rights fall within the domestic jurisdiction of a state
13.
VijapurAbdulrahim. P., “No Distant Millennium: The UN Human Rights Instruments and the Problem of Domestic Jurisdiction, “ in RajanM. S. (ed.) United Nations At 50 and Beyond, Lancers. Books, New Delhi, 1996, pp. 103–119
14.
(a) Article 2(4) was reinforced by “Declaration on the Inadmissibility of the Intervention in Domestic Affairs, “General Assembly Resolution 2131 (XX), 21 December 1965 and “Friendly Relations Declaration of 24 October 1970”, General Assembly Resolution 2625(XXV) 24 October 1970. (b) Article 51 is an exception to the general prohibition on use of force and permits limited use of force by a state in self defence in the event of being victim of an armed attack
15.
“… in so far as some uses of force within the territory of another state are compatible with the aims of the United Nations, they did not constitute use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of another state” LabergePierre, “Humanitarian Intervention Three Ethical Positions,”Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 9, 1995. p. 15
16.
AkehurstMichael, “Humanitarian Intervention”, in BullHedley (ed), Intervention in World Politics, New York, 1984, p. 105
17.
Intervention in World Politics, pp. 105–06
18.
In cases of violation of human rights the UN Security Council generally takes recourse to negotiations or censures or in extreme cases applies sanctions
19.
DamroschLori. F., “Changing Conceptions of Intervention in International Law”, in ReedLaura. W.KeysenCarl (eds), Emerging Norms of Justified Intervention, American Academy of Arts and Science, 1993, p. 92
20.
NorchiCharles. H., “Human Rights in the post-Cold War Era”, Span, September 1995
21.
“Redefining Security: The Human Dimension”, Human Development Report1994, Published in Current History, Vol. 94, No. 592, May 1995, p. 229
22.
Human Development Report, p. 229
23.
SrivastavaH. K., “Principles of War and Principles of Peace Keeping: A Soldier's Paradox”, Strategic Analysis, Vol. XVII, No. 8, November 1994, p. 1042
24.
QaiyunNikhat Jamal, “The United nations and Some Global Problematique,” in RajanM. S. (ed), United Nations At 50 and Beyond, Lancers, New Delhi, 1996, p. 232
25.
SinghJasjit, “United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations: The Challenges of Change”, in M. S. Rajan (ed), United Nations At 50 and Beyond, p. 145
26.
MehrotraO. N., “International Security and Ethnic Crisis”, Strategic Analysis, Vol. XXIII, No. 2, May 1999, p. 335
27.
Strategic Analysis, p. 334
28.
JoshiAkshay, “The Information Revolution and “National power: Political Aspects-II”, Strategic Analysis, Vol. XXIII, No. 6, September 1999, p. 1022
29.
The post-Cold War Spurt in Civil Wars has been boosted by proliferation of small arms and light weapons on one hand and no slacking in arms sales by the developed world to the countries including repressive regimes on the other hand
30.
RobertsAdam, “Humanitarian Action in War”, Adelphi Paper, 305, OUP, London, 1996, p. 19
31.
CrockerChester, Foreign Affairs, May/June 1995, pp. 7–8
32.
hedleyBull, No. 2, p. 193
33.
BilgramiS. J. R., “United Nations With and Without Cold War,“ in M. S. Rajan(ed), United Nations At 50 and Beyond, p. 256
34.
humanitarian Interventions and Humanitarian assistance provided by one state to another are two different concepts. Humanitarian assistance is not unlawful provided it satisfies the norms laid down in the first and second of the fundamental Principles declared by the Twentieth International conference of the Red Cross. The first principle says that the purpose of the assistance should be ‘to prevent and alleviate human suffering” and to protect life and health and to ensure respect for the human being’. The second principle states that the assistance should make ‘no discrimination as to nationality race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions.’
35.
GuptaBhabani Sen, “India and the UN”, The Hindustan Times, April 7, 1992
36.
KanwalGurmeet, “The New World Order: An Appraisal-II,”Strategic Analysis, Vol. XXIII, No. 4, July 1999, p. 533
37.
KakKapil, “Humanitarian Intervention and the Changing Role of the UN”, Strategic Analysis, Vol. XXIV, No. 7, October 2000, p. 1237
38.
BilgramiS. J. R., no. 33, p. 257
39.
ShuklaShashi, “United Nations Peace Keeping in Civil Wars A Critique”, India Quarterly, Vol. LVI, No. 1&2, p. 56
40.
KanwalGurmeet, “The New World Order: An Appraisal-I”, Strategic Analysis, Vol. XXIII, No. 3, June 1999, p. 368
41.
DubeyMuchkund, “Order Across Borders: NATO Usurping UN's Legitimate Role”, The Times of India, November 5, 1998
42.
SinghJasjit, “United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations: The Challenges of Change”, in M. S. Rajan (ed), United Nation's At 50 and Beyond, no. 25, p. 150
