Abstract
The aim of this article is to review the progress made in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Turkey. Turkey and China both are the emerging economies of the world. They have similar ambitions for development. Turkey aims for “Vision 2023 goals” and China follows its “Destination 2049” goals. The BRI can bring them together to build a prosperous common future. However, both countries have different characteristics. This cooperation can be sustained in a more congruent way by exploring the existing opportunities and risks involved. In this context, some relevant questions are raised: how can cooperation between China and Turkey be strengthened? What are the opportunities and risks in this initiative? What are the expectations of these two countries? In this article, Turkey–China economic cooperation under the BRI will be analyzed. Some suggestions will be made for boosting cooperation between them.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
2.
Akçay
N.
(2017 ). Turkey-China relations within the concept of the New Silk Road Project . Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi (ANKASAM) , 1 (3 ), 73 –96 .
3.
Atlı
A.
(2017 ). Turkey seeking its place in the Maritime Silk Road . Asia Times . Retrieved from http://www.atimes.com/turkey-seeking-place-maritime-silk-road/
4.
Bruce-Lockart
A.
(2017 ). China’s $900 billion New Silk Road. What you need to know . Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/06/china-new-silk-road-explainer/
5.China Outbound Tourism Research Institute (COTRI) . (2018 ). Data . Retrieved from https://china-outbound.com/
6.Dünya . (2015 , September 17 ). Kumport Limanı, Cosco Pacific’e satıldı . Dünya . Retrieved from https://www.dunya.com/sirketler/kumport-limani-cosco-pacific039e-satildi-haberi-292370/
7.
Durdular
A.
(2016 ). Çin’in “Kuşak-Yol” Projesi ve Türkiye-Çin ilişkilerine etkisi (China’s “One Belt, One Road” Project and Its Influence on Sino-Turkish Relations) . Avrasya Etütleri , 49 (1 ), 77 –97 .
8.
Ellis-Devonshire
C.
(2018 , March 30 ). The Belt and Road: Five opportunities for foreign investors . Silk Road Briefing. Retrieved from https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2018/03/30/belt-road-five-opportunities-foreign-investors/
9.
Ergüney
E.
Kadılar
R.
(2017 ). ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative: Perks and challenges for Turkey . Turkish Policy Quarterly , 16 (2 ), 86 –90 .
10.
Eszterhai
V.
(2017 ). The geopolitical significance of One Belt, One Road from a historical perspective . Geopolitika Kutatointezet. Retrieved from http://www.geopolitika.hu/en/2017/11/28/the-geopolitical-significance-of-one-belt-one-road-from-a-historical-perspective-2/
11.FMPR. (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China) . (2013 ). President Xi Jinping delivers important speech and proposes to build a silk road economic belt with central Asian countries . Retrieved from https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/xjpfwzysiesgjtfhshzzfh_665686/t1076334.shtml
12.
Gere
L.
(2017 ). Maps of the silk road . Retrieved from http://beltandroadcenter.org/2017/12/15/maps-of-the-silk-road/
13.KraneShares . (2017 ). The One Belt One Road initiative: A new paradigm in global investing . Retrieved from http://kraneshares.com/resources/presentation/2017_12_31_obor_presentation.pdf
14.
Kuo
L.
Kommenda
N.
(2017 , July 30 ). What is China’s belt and road initiative? The Guardian . Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/cities/ng-interactive/2018/jul/30/what-china-belt-road-initiative-silk-road-explainer
15.
Mankoff
J.
Ghiasy
R.
(2015 , May 25 ). Central Asia’s future: Three powers, three visions . The Diplomat . Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2015/05/central-asias-future-three-powers-three-visions/
16.
Milliyet
. (2015 , November 16 ). 3.4 Milyar dolarlik çin füzesi iptal (US$ 3.4 billion Chinese missile canceled) . Milliyet . Retrieved from http://www.milliyet.com.tr/3-4-milyar-dolarlik-cin-fuzesi-gundem-2148480/
17.PWC . (2016 ). China’s new silk route: The long and winding road . Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/growth-markets-center/assets/pdf/china-new-silk-route.pdf
18.Republic of Turkey Ministry of Trade . (2019 a). Statistics . Retrieved from https://eb.ticaret.gov.tr/portal/faces/home/disIliskiler/ulkeler/ulke-detay
19.Republic of Turkey Ministry of Trade . (2019 b). EXPO 2019 Pekin’de Türkiye Milli Günü açılışı (EXPO 2019 opening of Turkey’s National Day in Beijing). Retrieved from https://www.ticaret.gov.tr/haberler/expo-2019-pekinde-turkiye-milli-gunu-acilisi
20.
Shang
C.
(2017 ). Bir kuşak bir yol projesi ile Türkiye (One Belt and One Road Project and Turkey). Ankara : Gazi Üniversitesi, İktisat Anabilim Dalı .
21.
22.
Şimşek
M.
(2018 ). Building relationships with China . BOAO Review . Retrieved from http://english.boaoforum.org/2018n/index.jhtml
23.State Information Center China (SIC) . (2018 ). Statistics . Retrieved from http://www.sic.gov.cn/News/456/8931.htm
24.TCDD (The Turkish State Railways) . (2018 ). Bakü-Tiflis-Kars Demiryolu’nda ilk tren yola çıktı (First train departs on Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway). Retrieved from http://www.tcddtasimacilik.gov.tr/haber/BAK%C3%9C-T%C4%B0FL%C4%B0S-KARS%20DEM%C4%B0RYOLU’NDA%20%C4%B0LK%20TREN%20YOLA%20%C3%87IKTI/116
25.Trade Map . (2018 ). Trade statistics for international business development . Retrieved from https://www.trademap.org/Index.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
26.The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) . (2019 ). Ödemeler dengesi istatistikleri (Balance of payments statistics). Retrieved from http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Istatistikler/Odemeler+Dengesi+ve+Ilgili+Istatistikler/Odemeler+Dengesi+Istatistikleri/
27.Turkish Statistic Institution (TURKSTAT) . (2018 ). Statistics . Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1046
28.
Weikang
Z.
(2018 ). The belt and road initiative implementation, coordination and international financial cooperation, financing & financial cooperation management for developing countries . China, Beijing : Academy for International Business Officials Seminar Presentations (16 July 2018 ).
29.Yidaiyilu . (2018 ). China’s trade with countries along Belt and Road up 12pct o-y in January–August . Xinhua Silk Road Information Service. Retrieved from https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/qwyw/rdxw/65777.htm
30.
Zan
T.
(2016 ). ‘Turkey dream’ and the China–Turkish cooperation under ‘One Belt and One Road’ initiative . Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia) , 10 (3 ), 50 –72 . Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/19370679.2016.12023287
31.
Zengin
D.
(2016 , August 25 ). Türkiye-Çin nükleer enerji işbirliği anlaşması . Resmi Gazete’de (Turkey-China nuclear cooperation agreement in the Official Gazette), Anadolu Agency . Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/turkiye-cin-nukleer-enerji-isbirligi-anlasmasi-resmi-gazetede/634938