LOOKING BACK AT SELF-DETERMINATION: TO APPLY OR NOT TO APPLY IN KASHMIR

Lansing Robert , The Former Secretary of State USA, proclaimed his fears on December 30, 1918 in a response to President Wilson’s articulation of the principle of self-determination. C.f. Porter 2003: 345.

This peace treaty between the wartime coalition and Germany was signed at the royal palace of Versailles on June 28, 1919. See Keylor 1996: 84iple of self-determination. C.f. Porter 2003: 345.

Article 1(2) of the United Nations Charter reads that one of the basic objectives of the UN is to “develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples .”

See generally Kant Immanuel, Critique of Practical Reason (New York: Liberal Arts. 1956) as cited in Philpott 1995: 356.

For difficulty faced in redrawing international boundaries, refer to the problems faced by the drafters of the Treaty of Versailles documented in (Emerson 2012).

Article 1(2) of the Charter declares that one of the purposes of the UN is to ‘developed friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples’.

Hans Kelsen in his theory posits that the word ‘peoples’ means ‘states’ as only states could possess equal rights in general international law.

See generally http://www.kultur.aland.fi/kulturstiftelsen/traktater/eng_fr/1921b_cn.htm. Accessed on September 21, 2012.

See generally http://www.africaguide.com/culture/tribes/Accessed on September 21, 2012.

See generally Resolution 181 of the United Nations , 29 November, 1947.

This refers to the doctrine of uti posseditis; (Morris 2010).

http://www.kashmir-information.com/history.html. Accessed on September 21, 2012.

For a detailed history of Kashmir see generally (Jajabor 2001: 1-39).

Supra note 12.

Contentious Line of Control’, 4th Jan. 2002, www.bbc.co.uk. Accessed on September 21, 2012.

http://www.hvk.org/articles/1003/134.html. Accessed on September 21, 2012.

id .

Sir generally http://www.nnp.org/newvtour/xpages/westphalia_text.html. (Visited on September 21, 2012).

This was one of the first moves away from a neutral stance as far as secession attempts were concerned.

Chua A.L. , 1998, ‘Markets, Democracy, and Ethnicity: Toward a New Paradigm for Law and Development’, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 108, p. 1.

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Khan Ahmed , 1994, “The Kashmir Dispute: A Plan for Regional Cooperation”, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 31, p. 495.

Mir Amir , “Splinter Viruses”, Outlook, April 25 ^th 2005.

Merck Ben , 2004, ‘International Law And The Nuclear Threat in Kashmir’, Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 32, p. 167.

Foster Caroline E. , 2001, ‘Articulating Self-Determination in the Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples’, Ejll., Vol. 12(1), p. 141.

Philpott Daniel , 1995, ‘In Defense of Self Determination’, Ethics, Vol. 105, Issue 2, p. 352.

Murswiek David , ‘The Issue of a Right to Secession-Reconsidered’, in Tomuschat Calvin eds., 1993. Modern Law of Self Determination, Boston: Martimus Nijhoff Publishers.

Laing Edward A. , 1992, ‘The Norm of Self-Determination, 1941-1991’, California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 22, p. 209.

Roosevelt Eleanor , 1952, ‘The Universal Validity of Man’s Right to Self Determination’, Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 27, p. 919.

Pentassuglia Gaetano , 2002, ‘State Sovereignty, Minorities and Self-Determination: A Comprehensive Legal View’, International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, Vol. 9, p. 303.

Porter Ian , 2003, ‘Two Case Studies in Self-determination: The Rock and the Bailiwick’, San Diego International Law Journal, Vol. 4, p. 339.

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Chen Lung-Chu , 1991, ‘Self-Determination and World Public Order’, Notre Dame Law Review, Vol. 66, p. 1287.

Halberstam Malvin , 1994, ‘Nationalism and the Right to Self-Determination: The Arab-Israeli Conflict, New York Journal of International Law and Policy, Volume 26, p. 573.

Koskenneimi Martin , 1994, ‘National Self Determination Today: Problems of Legal Theory and Practice’, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Volume 43, Issue 2, p. 241.

Walzer Michael , 1992, ‘A New Tribalism’, Dissent, Vol. 39, p. 164.

Epps Vivian , 2000, ‘Self-Determination after Kosovo And East Timor’, ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 6, p. 445.

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Buchanan Allen , 1991. The Morality of Political Divorce from Fort Sumter to Lithuania and Quebec, Boulder: Westview.

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Kant Immanuel , 1956. Critique of Practical Reason, New York: liberal Arts.

Jajabor , 2001, Jhelum Nodir Tire, Calcutta: Ananda Publishers.

Hampton Jean , 1995. Hobbes and the Social Contract Tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Malkki Lawrence , 1995. Purity and Exile, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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Keylor William R. , 1996. The Twentieth-Century World: An International History, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Morris Halim , ‘Self Determination: An Affirmative Right or Mere Rhetoric’, www.tamilnation.org. Accessed on September 21, 2012.

Suksi Markku , ‘Constitutional Options for Self Determination: What Really Works’, www.tamilnation.org. Accessed on September 21, 2012.

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