The Taliban and Central Asia: Into the Vortex of Terrorism Beyond Afghanistan

Cornell Svante E. Spector Regine A , “Central Asia: More than Islamic Extremists,” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 1, Winter 2002, Washington, D.C., pp. 193–206.

Najibullah Farangis , Threat of Taliban Incursion Raised in Central Asia - Again, Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, February 26, 2010, at http://www.rferl.org/content/Threat_Of_Taliban_Incursion_Raised_In_Central_Asia_Again/1752944.html, accessed electronically on February 26, 2010.

Omelicheva Mariya Y. , “Convergence of Counterterrorism Policies: A Case Study of Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 32, No. 10, October 2009, Philadelphia, pp. 893–908.

For a wider discussion on political Islam, see Roy Olivier , The Failure of Political Islam, Tauris, London, 1994; Esposito John L. , Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism, or Reform?, Lynne Reinner Publishers, Boulder, Colorado, 1997.

For a study of the history of Central Asia since independence refer to: Hunter Shireen T. , Central Asia since Independence,The Washington Papers, The Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington DC., 1996.

Edwards David B. , Before Taliban: Genealogies of the Afghan Jihad, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2002, pp 1–21.

Rashid Ahmed , “Taliban: Exporting Terrorism,” Foreign Affairs, November/December 1999, at http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/Terrorism/think.Jank/taHban_extremismJfa_nov_99.htm, accessed electronically on February 15, 2010.

Edwards , op, cit.

For a detailed study of the Taliban refer to Maley William (ed), Afghanistan and the Taliban: The Rebirth of Fundamentalism?, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 1998; Friedman Norman , Terrorism, Afghanistan and America’s New Way of War, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 2003.

Rashid Ahmed , op.cit .

Also refer to: Rashid Ahmed Taliban; Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2000.

For a detailed history of the rise of Islamist groups in Central Asia, refer to: Schatz Edward , “Tslamism and anti-Americanism in Central Asia,” Current History, Vol. 101, No. 657, October 2002, Philadelphia, pp. 337–343; Luong Pauline Jones , “The Middle Easternization of Central Asia,” Current History, Vol. 102, No. 666, October 2003, Philadelphia, pp. 333–340; McGlinchey Eric , “Autocrats, Islamists, and the Rise of Radicalism in Central Asia,” Current History, Vol. 104, No. 684, October 2005, Philadelphia, pp. 336–342.

This steep decline is largely a result of the collapse of industries that could only be sustained through the Soviet supply and distribution system. Refer to Lubin Nancy Martin Keith Rubin R , Calming the Ferghana Valley, Century Foundation Press, New York, 1999, p. 61.

Refer to Kyzy Gulzina Karim , “Kyrgyz Shuttle Trade in Crisis,” Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Analyst, August 1, 2001, at http://www.cacianalystorg/, accessed electronically on February 18, 2010; International Crisis Group, “Incubators of Regional Conflict? Hyper-Depression in Localities in Central Asia”, ICG Asia Report no. 16, p. 8, at http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1179, accessed electronically on February 18, 2010.

Frost Patrick , GD Analysis: Terrorism in Central Asia, January 15, 2008, Foreign Policy Association, New York, at http://www.fpa.org/topics_info2414/topics_info_show.htm?doc_id=785930, accessed electronically on February 18, 2010.

Scheuer Michael , “Central Asia in A1 Qaeda’s Vision of the Anti - American Jihad, 1979 - 2006,” The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2006, p. 6.

Chaudet Didier , Islamist Terrorism in Greater Central Asia: The “Al-Qaedaizadon” of Uzbek Jihadism, Russia/NIS Centre, Paris, 2008, pp. 5–7, 9.

Ibid , p. 10.

“Islamic Movement of Afghanistan,” James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, California, at http://cns.miis.edu/research/wtc01/imu.htm, accessed electronically on January 14, 2010.

“Significant Terrorist Incidents, 1961 - 2003: A Brief Chronology,” U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C., March 19, 2009, at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/pubs/fs/5902.htm, accessed electronically on April 15, 2009.

Boucher Richard . “Redesignation of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan as a Foreign Terrorist Organization,” United States Department of State, Washington, D.C., September 25, 2002, at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2002/10708.htm, accessed electronically on April 15, 2009.

??? news agency, “Tahir Yuldash: US Fiasco is Nearing. Look us up in Washington”, 15 October 2007, at http://www.ferghana.ru, accessed electronically on April 15, 2009.

Steinberg Guido , “A Turkish Al-Qaeda: The Islamic Jihad Union and the Internationalization of Uzbek Jihadism”, Strategic Insight, Center for Contemporary Conflict, Monterey, July 2008, at www.ccc.nps.navy.mil , p. 3, accessed electronically on February 5, 2010.

Sandee Ronald , “The Islamic Jihad Union,” the NEFA Foundation, New York, 14 October 2008, at www.nefafoundation.org, accessed electronically on February 5, 2010.

Cordier B. de , “The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan and the Islamic Jihad Union: A Jihadi Nebulous in Central Asia and the BU,” 2 July 2008, at www.caucaz.com, accessed electronically on February 5, 2010.

Chaudet Didier , op. cit , p. 18.

Ibid , pp. 18–19.

Cody Edward , “China Demands that Albania Returns Ex-US Detainees,” The Washington Post; May 10, 2006, p. A20, accessed electronically at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/09/AR2006050900478.html , on February 22, 2010; Country Reports: South and Central Asia Overview, April 30, 2007, Country Reports on Terrorism, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, U.S. State Department, Washington, D.C., accessed electronically at http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2006/82734.htm , on February 22, 2010; Ansari Massoud , “The New Face of Jihad,” Newsline, August 2007, accessed electronically at http://www.newsline.com.pk/NewsAug2007/specrep3aug2007.htm , on February 23, 2010.

“In the Spotlight: East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM),” The Terrorism Project, Center for Defense Information, Washington, D.C., December 9, 2002, at http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/etim.cfm, accessed electronically on February 23, 2010.

Weitz Richard , “Storm Clouds over Central Asia: Revival of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)?” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 27, No. 6, November/December 2004, Philadelphia, p. 512.

Chaudet Didier , op. cit , p. 21.

Golovnina Maria , Analysis-Radical Islam casts shadow over Center Asia, Thomson Reuters Foundation, 09 Feb 2010, at http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LDE61802G.htm, accessed electronically on February 9, 2010.

Luong Pauline Jones , op. cit. pp. 333–340.

Golovnina Golovnina , op. cit.

Golovnina Maria , Afghan insurgency seen spilling into Central Asia, Reuters, at http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5903-XA20091001, accessed electronically on February 9, 2010.

Lafraie Najibullah , “Resurgence of the Taliban Insurgency in Afghanistan: How and Why?” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA’s 50th Annual Convention “Exploring The Past, Anticipating The Future” New York Marriott Marquis, NY, USA, Feb 15, 2009, at http://www.allacedemic.com/meta/p312859Jndexhtml, accessed electronically on February 9, 2010.