ISLAM AS AN AGENDA OF MALAYSIA’S FOREIGN POLICY

Calvocoressi Peter , World Politics since 1945, Longman, New York, 1994, p. 330.

For details see, Naimah Talib , ‘The Rise of Islam in the Muslim Majority States of Southeast Asia’, in ‘Religion, Politics and Society in South and Southeast Asia’, Vodhra N.N. Dixit J.N. eds, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1998, pp. 150-151.

Islam literally means, ‘surrender to Allah’ or ‘Resignation to the will of God’. This religion was founded by Prophet Mohammad in the 6th century A.D., who believed that by submitting one-self to God’s will, one could bring peace in the world. Quran is the holy scripture of the Muslims. Mohammad explained it to mean the observance of the five duties viz bearing witness that there is but one God, reciting the daily prayers, giving the legal alms, observing the Ramzan or months fast, making the pilgrimage to Makkah once in a life time. (Source: (i) Dictionary of Islam, by Thomas Patrick Hughes, Rupa & Co., Calcutta, 1988, p. 220. (ii) The Sterling Dictionary of Religion, by Amrita Sharma, Sterling Publishers Private Limited, New Delhi, 1999, p. 71).

Morrison G.E. , ‘The coming of Islam to the East Indies’, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 24, No. 154, February 1951.

For details see Milner A.C. Islam and the Muslim State, in Islam in South-East Asia, ed. by Hooker M.B. , pp. 23–49, Leiden, 1983.

Rubenstein Colin , ‘The Role of Islam in Contemporary South East Asian Politics’, Jerusalem letter, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, Jerusalem, Israel, No. 436, 14 Av 5760/15th August 2000.

See on this , Schermerhorn , Comparative Ethnic Relations: A Framework for Theory and Research, New York, Random House, 1970.

Speech by Mahathir, Foreign Affairs Malaysia, Vol. 33, 2000, p. 118

Speech by Mahathir, Foreign Affairs Malaysia, Vol. 30, No.: 3, 1997, p. 38

The Leaders’ Quotes, Barisan Nasional Official Website, 2002.

For details see Brown David , The State and Ethnic Politics in Southeast Asia, Routledge, London, 1994, p. 239.

Op. cit. , Naimah Talib , pp. 155–157.

Frankel Joseph , International Relations in a Changing World, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1996, p. 91.

International Religions Freedom Report, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, United States of America, 26th October, 2001.

Speech by Badwai A.H.A. , Foreign Affairs Malaysia, Vol. 30, No.: 3, 1997, p. 79

Shamir S. , ‘The Middle East as a Civil Society’, South Review, Vol: 1, Issue 5, August 2000, p. 12

Speech by Mahathir , Foreign Affairs Malaysia, Vol. 33, 2000, p. 13.

Speech by Mahathir , Foreign Affairs Malaysia, Vol. 33, 2000, p. 27.

The PAS new paper is called “Harakah”, The editor of this magazine is Karpal Singh, Anwar Ibrahim’s defence lawyer and an outspoken human rights advocate.

V.K. Chin , “Mahathir’s Formula Offers Progress and Prosperity”, Reader’s Forum, Barisan Nasional. For details see: http://www.bn.org.my/cgi-bin/newsdetail.asp?news/D=525

Speech by Mahathir , Foreign Affairs Malaysia, Vol. 33, 2000, p. 116.

Ibid. , pp. 30–31.

Facts on File, Rand and Me Nally, 2002, p. 39.

‘Islam, Terrorism and Malaysia’s Response’, speech delivered by Mohammad Mahathir Dr. , New York, February 4, 2002. For details see the Website of Ministry of External Affairs, Malaysia.

Mohammad M. , ‘Terrorism and Islam: maintaining our faith’, Vital Speeches of the day, Vol: 68, Issue 16, June 2002, p. 484.

Seri Dato Mohammad Mahathir Dr. , “Second World Knowledge Conference” Foreign Affairs Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Vol. 33, 2000, p. 5.

Ibid., p. 4.

Ibid., pp. 5–7.