From Default to Design: The Making and Evolution of the European Union’s Policy Towards Russia

Allen David , ‘EPC/CFSP, the Soviet Union, and the Former Soviet Republics: Do the Twelve Have a Coherent Policy?’, in Regelsberger E. et al. (eds), Foreign Policy of the European Union From EPC to CFSP and Beyond, London; Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1997, pp. 220–221.

Fraser P. , ‘Russia, the CIS and the European Community : Building a Relationship’, in Malcolm Neil (ed.), Russia and Europe : An End to Confrontation?, London, Pinter, 1994, p. 200.

Ibid., pp. 201–202.

Ibid, p. 208.

Allen, op. cit., n. 1, pp. 230–231.

Fraser, op. cit., n. 2, pp. 209–210.

Hillion Christophe , ‘Institutional Aspects of the Partnership between the European Union and the Newly Independent States of the Former Soviet Union: Case Studies on Russia and Ukraine’, Common Market Law Review, Vol. 37, 2000, p. 1215.

Fraser, op. cit, n. 2, pp. 216–217.

Dinan Desmond , Ever Closer Union? An Introduction to European Integration, London, Macmillan, 1999, p. 494.

Hillion, op. cit., n. 7, p. 1221.

Downloaded from the official website of the EU Council of Ministers at http://ue.eu.int on 5 June, 2001.

Downloaded from the official EU website at http://europa.eu.int on 5 June, 2001.

Downloaded from the official website of the European Parliament at http://www.europarl.eu.int on 30 May, 2001.

Vahl M. , Just Good Friends? The EU-Russian “Strategic Partnership” and the Northern Dimension, Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels, 2001, p. 8.

Cited in Vahl, ibid., p. 8 (footnote n. 25); Haukkala Hiski , ‘The Making Of the European Union’s Common Strategy on Russia’, in Haukkala Hiski Medvedev Sergei (eds), The EU Common Strategy on Russia Learning the Grammer of the CFSP, The Finnish Institute of International Affairs and Institut fur Europaische Politik, Helsinki/Berlin, 2001, p. 28.

Haukkala, ibid., pp. 41–42.

Commission of the European Communities, The European Union and Russia: the Future Relationship, COM (95) 223 final, Brussels, 31 May, 1995, pp. 1–2.

Ibid., p. 6.

Ibid, p. 8.

Ibid.

Ibid, p. 9.

Ibid, p. 14.

Haukkala, op. cit, n. 15, p. 28.

Haukkala, op. cit, n. 15, p. 30.

Haukkala, op. cit, n. 15, pp. 30–31.

Downloaded from the official website of the EU Council of Ministers at http://ue.eu.int on 11 April, 2001.

Haukkala, op.cit, n. 15, p. 31.

Downloaded from the official EU website athttp://europa.eu.int on 9 April, 2001.

European Parliament, Report on The Commission communication entitled ‘The Future of Relations between the European Union and Russia’ and the Action Plan ‘The European Union and Russia: the future relationship’ COM(95)223 final, (Lalumiere Report), Committee on Foreign Affairs, Security and Defence Policy, 12 February 1998.

Haukkala, op. cit, n. 15.

Based on the interviews with Sourander Dag Mr. , Administrator, Foreign Affairs Committee, European Parliament; and Worseley Mr. Roy Boden Mr. Tim , Foreign Press section, European Parliament, both in Brussels, late March, 2001.

Council of the European Union, Common Strategy on Russia of 4 June 1999 at http://europa.eu.int/comma/extemalrelations/russia/commonstrategy/index.htm Reprinted in Haukkala, op. cit., n. 15.

Haukkala, op. cit, n. 15, p. 45.

Haukkala, op. cit., n. 15., pp. 58–59.

For details, see Ginsberg Roy H. , Foreign Policy Actions of the European Community The Politics of Scale, London; Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1989.

One of the cardinal legal principles governing the EC/EU which determines whether a particular matter not belonging to the area of exclusive competence of either the EC/EU should be dealt with at the EC/EU level or be left to national practices. The Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) brought the area of Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) under the regulation of this principle. For detailed legal analysis, see Kapteyn P.J.G. Verloren T.V. , Introduction to the Law of the European Communities, London, Kluwer , 1998; Keefe D.O. Twomey P. (eds), Legal Issues of the Maastricht Treaty, Chichester, Wiley Chancery, 1994.

The term ‘capacity’ is used here to mean the objective inputs to the making of a Common European Foreign Policy – institutions, resources, specific instruments and procedures. For details, see Sanyal Joyobroto , Foreign Policy-Making Beyond the State: The Making of a Common European Foreign Policy, Unpublished Phil M. , dissertation, University of Cambridge, 2001.

The term ‘capability’ is used here to mean the subjective inputs to the making of a Common European Foreign Policy under the EU’s CFSP – the political will of the decision-making actors and latters’ inclination towards the use of the EU’s ‘capacity’ under the CFSP so that more effective decisions can be made. For details, see Sanyal Joyobroto , ibid.

Hillion, op. cit., n. 7, pp. 1223–1229.

Downloaded from the official EU website, op. cit., in April, 2001.

Haukkala, op. cit., n. 15, p. 59; European Commission’s communication, op. cit., n. 17, p. 8