CHINA AND THE ASEAN REGIONAL FORUM (ARF)

Kim Samuel S. , “China as a Great Power”, Current History, Vol. 96, No. 611, September 1997, p. 246.

For a detailed analysis, see, Nathan Andrew J. Ross Robert S. , The Great Wall and the Empty Fortress: China’s Search for Security, (New York: Norton), 1997, pp. 210–234.

Ross Robert S. ., ed., East Asia in Transition: Towards a New Regional Order, ( Armonk NY Sharpe M.E. ), 1995, pp. 171–173.

Kim. , n. 1., p. 246.

Ibid. , p. 247.

Masci David ., “China After Deng”, Congressional Quarterly Researcher, Vol. 7, No. 22, (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc.), June 13, 1997, p. 509.

World Bank, World Economic Tables, 1995, (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), 1996, p. 54.

Wolf Charles Jr. , et. al., Long Term Economic and Military Trends, 1994–2015: The United States and Asia, (Santa Monica, CA: Rand), 1995, pp. 5–8.

Lardy Nicholas , China in the World Economy, (Washington, D.C.; Institute for International Economics), 1994, pp. 19–22.

Ibid. , p. 27.

World Bank., China 2020: Development Challenges in the New Century, (Washington, D.C.: World Bank), 1997, pp. 9–12.

Goar Jinny St. , “China: New reforms, Old politics?” Great Decisions, (New York: Foreign Policy Association), 1993, pp. 38–39.

Einhorn Robert , U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary for State for Non-proliferation, “China: A More Responsible Approach to Non-Proliferation”, accessible at U.S. Department of state website on US-China relations (http://www.state.gov,/www/rcgions/cap/fs-US-China-relations.html)

For an explanation on this., see, Shambaugh David ., “Growing Strong: China’s Challenge to Asia security” Survival, Vol. 36, No. 2, Summer 1994, pp. 43–52.

Fact sheet: “China: 1990-2000” accessible of U.S.-Department of Defence website (http://www.defenselink.mil I)

See, Johnson Alastair Jain Ross Robert S. , eds., Engaging China: Management of a Rising Power, (London Routledge), 1999, pp. 19–28; for statistical analysis, see, United States Department of Defence, East Asia Strategy Report 1995, accessible at (http://www.defenselink.mil)

Godwin Paul H.B. , “Uncertainty, Insecurity, and China’s Military Power”, Current History, Vol. 96, No. 61 I, September 1997, p. 253.

Levanthes Louise , When China Ruled the Seas, (New York: Simon and Schuster), 1994, pp. 28–31.

Ibid. , pp. 36–39.

Ibid. , pp. 41–46: also see, Swanson Bruce ., Eighth Voyage of the Dragon: A History of China’s Quest for Sea Power, (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press), 1996, pp. 16–21.

See, Ross Roberts , “The Geography of the Peace: East Asia in the Twenty first Century”, International Security, vol. 23, No. 4, spring 1999, pp. 92–97.

Segal Gerald , “East Asia and the Constrainment of China”, International Security, Vol. 20, No. 4, Spring 1996, p. 109.

For explanations, see, Harding Harry ., “China’s Cooperative Behaviour” in Robinson Thomas W. Shambaugheds David ., Chinese Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice, (Oxford: Clarendon Press), 1994, pp. 384–92.

Kennedy Paul ., ed., Grand strategies in War and Peace, (New Haven: Yale University Press), 1991; and, Rosecrance Richard Stein Arthur A. , eds., The Domestic Basis of Grand Strategy, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press), 1993.

Shirk Susan L. ., Chinese Views on Asia-Pacific Regional Security Cooperation, NBR Analysis, Vol. 5 No. 5, (Seattle: National Bureau of Asian Research), December 1994, accessible at (http://www.nbr.org)

Hu Weixing ., “China’s security Agenda After the Cold War”, Pacific Review, Vol. 8, no. 1, 1995, pp. 119–120.

For explanations, see, Klintworth Gary ., “China’s Evolving Relationship with APEC”, International Journal, Vol. 50, No. 3, Summer 1995, pp. 488–497.

For details on Chinese perspectives, see, PRC White Paper, “The Taiwan Question and Reunification of China”, 31 August 1993; and Document 3: General Secretary Zemin Jiang . “Eight Point Statement”, 30 January 1995, in Asian Affairs, Vol. 26, No. 2, Summer 1999, pp. 77, 100.

Whiting Allen S. , “ASEAN Eyes China: The Security Dimension”, Asian Survey, Vol. XXXVII, No. 4, April 1997, p. 299.

Archarya Amitav , “ARF’s Challenges”, Trends (ISEAS), 26–27 August, 1997, p. 2.

Ibid., p. 5.

Snitwongse Kusunia , “ASEAN’s security cooperation: Searching for a Regional Order”, Pacific Review, Vol. 8, 1995, p. 529.

Antolik Michael , “The ASEAN Regional Forum: The spirit of Constructive Engagement”, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 16, No. 2, September 1994, pp. 125–132.

Henderson Jeannie , “Reassessing ASEAN”, Adelphi Paper 328, (London: IISS), May, 1999, pp. 70–73.

Ibid, pp. 73–75.

“ASEAN—Concept of Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality”, A Concept Paper, accessible at ASEANWEB (http:IIkelscy.abcompas.comlabclabsldetailII057.html)

Quoted in Antolik, n. 34, p. 121.

“Assessing the Threat”, Far Eastern Economic Review, 20 June 1991, p. 29.

Richardson Michael , “Regional Mistrust Increasing”, Asia-Pacific Defence Reporter, April/May, 1996, accessible at the website on Peace and Cooperation in the Asian-pacific Region (http://www-leland.stanford.edu/group/CISAC/test/research/asian.html)

Quoted in Vatikiotis Michael , “Mixed Motives”, Far Eastern Economic Review, 24 June, 1993, p. 13.

Leifer Michael , “The ASEAN Regional Forum: ASEAN’s Model of Regional Security”, Adelphi Paper No. 302, (New York: OUP for the IISS), 1996, p. 19.

Wah Chin Kin , “ASEAN: External security Concerns in a Post-Cold War Era”, The Round Table, No. 326, 1993, pp. 173–174.

Tasker Rodney , “Facing up to security”, Far Eastern Economic Review, 6 August 1992, p. 9.

Ibid. p. 10.

Segal Gerald , “Deconstructing Foreign Relations”, in Goodman David S.G. Segal Gerald , eds., China Deconstructs—Politics, Trade and Regionalism, (London and New York: Routledge), 1994, pp. 341–343.

see, Copper J. , Taiwan: Nation State or province? (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press), 1994; and, To Lee Lai ., “ASEAN and the South China Seas Conflicts”, The Pacific Review, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 531–43.

Wanandi Jusuf ., “ASEAN’s China strategy; Towards Deeper Engagement”, Survival vol. 38, No. 3, Autumn 1996, p. 121.

For details, see, Ross Robert ., “Beijing as a Conservative Power” Foreign Affairs, March/April 1997, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 40–42.

Ibid, p. 41.

Bernstein Richard Munro Ross H. , “The Coming Conflict with America.” Foreign Affairs, March/April 1997, Vol. 76, No. 2, p. 23.

Almonte Jose T. , “Ensuring security the ‘ASEAN Way’” Survival, Vol. 39, No. 4. Winter 1997/98, p. 83.

Ibid. , p. 86.

See, Chairman’s Statement, The Fourth ASEAN Regional Forum, Jaya Subang , 27 July, 1997, accessible at (http://www.aseansec.org)

see, Chairman’s Statement, The Third ASEAN Regional Forum Meeting, Jakarta, 23 July, 1996, accessible at (http://www.aseansec.org)

Leifer ., n. 42, p. 6.

see, Chairman’s Statement, The second ASEAN Regional Forum, Begawan Bandan Seri , 1 August 1995., accessible at (http//.www.aseansec.org.)

see, Chairman’s Statement, The first ASEAN Regional Forum, Bangkok, 25 July, 1994, accessible at (http://www.aseansec.org)

For explanations on this area, see, “A Regional Security Community in Southeast Asia?” Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 18. No. 3, September, 1995.

“Treading Softly”, Far Eastern Economic Review, August 3, 1995, p. 17.

Ibid. , p. 20.

Ibid. , p. 21.

Baker Richard W. , “Sweeping Changes Shape a New Pacific Asia”, in Asia-Pacific Issues I, (Honolulu: East-West Center), September 1995, accessible at East-West Center website (http://www.ewc.hawaii.edu)

Ibid .

For details, see, PRC National Defence White Paper, 28 July 1998, accessible at (http://www-leland.stanford.edu/group/CISAC/test/research/asian.html)

see, Proceedings of the first ASEAN Regional Forum, Bangkok. 25 July 1994, accessible, both at (http://www.aseansec.org) and, at (http://www.slate.gov/www/regions/cap/fs-asean-971106.html)

see, Proceedings of the Second ASEAN Regional Forum, Bandar Seri Begawan, 1 August 1995, accessible, both at http://www.aseansec.org and at (http://www.state. gov/www/regions/cap/fsasean-971106.html)

see, Summary Report of the ARF Inter-Sessional Support Group on Confidence Building Measures, Beijing, 6–8 March, accessible at http://kelsey.abcompass.com/abc/abs/detail/1057.html

Wanandi, n. 48, p. 125.

Summary Report, n. 70.

See, Liping Xia ., “The Evolution of Chinese Views Towards CBMs” in Krepon Michael , ed., Chinese Perspectives on Confidence— Building Measures, Report No. 23, (Washington, D.C.: Henry L. Stimson Center), May, 1998, pp. 14–38.

see, for details, Kim Shee Poon , “The South China sea in China’s Strategic Thinking,” Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 19, No. 4, March 1998, pp. 369–87.

See, Proceedings, n. 68.

For details, see, Garofano John , “Flexibility or Irrelevance: Ways Forward for the ARF”, Contemporary Southeast Asia., Vol. 21, no. 1, April, 1999, pp. 84–85.

see, Proceedings, n. 68.

See, Valencia Mark J. ., “China and the South China Sea Disputes”. Adeiphi Paper No. 298, (New York: OUP for the IISS), 1995, pp. 6–7.

See, Chairman’s Statement, n. 65; and ASEAN Regional Forum: A Concept Paper, The Second Regional ASEAN forum, Begawan Bandar Seri , 1 August, 1995, accessible at (http://www.aseansec.org.)

See, Proceedings of the Third ASEAN Regional Forum, Jakarta, 23 July, 1996, accessible at (http://www.aseansec.org) and at (http://www.state.gov/www/regionslcaplfs-asean-971106.html)

See, Lim Robyn ., “The ASEAN Regional Forum: Building on Sand”, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 20, No. 2. August 1998, pp. 127–128.

Proceedings, n. 82.

For a discussion, see, Wanandi Jusuf , Southeast-Asia-China Relations, (Taipei: Chinese Council of Advanced Policy studies), December 1997, esp. pp. 19–23.

See, Valencia, n. 79, pp. 11–13.

See, Lim., n. 83, p. 32.

See, for details, Sutter Robert G. , “Southeast Asian Security: Issues for the U.S.” CRS Report for Congress, (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress),August 24, 1995., accessible at (http://www.fas.org/man/crs/93-231f.htm)

Kenny Henry L. , “The South China Sea: A Dangerous Ground”, National Defence University, Washington: Strategic Assessment, 1997 Report, accessible at (http://www.ndu.edu/ndu/inss/Sa97ch5html), p. 9.

Sutter , n. 88.

See, Yergin David Elkof Dennis Edwards Jefferson , “Fuelling Asia’s Recovery” Foreign Affairs, March/April 1998, p. 47.

Lim. n. 83, p. 123.

Dobson William J. Fravel M. Taylor ., “Red Herring Hegemon: China in the South China Sea”, Current History, Vol. 96, No. 611, September 1997, pp. 261–262.

Anwar Dewi Fortuna ., Indonesia in ASEAN: Foreign Policy and Regionalism, (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies), 1997, p. 19.

Ibid. , p. 29.

Leifer , n. 42, p. 52.

Sudarsono Juwono , The Political Economy of Indonesia’s Foreign Relations, (Jakarta: National Resilience Institute), 1996, p. 129.

Ibid. , p. 131.

Ibid. , p. 138.

See, Zhizian Xu , “Why U.S. Japan Joint Declaration on Security Alliance?” Contemporary International Relations, Vol. 6, No. 5, May 1996, p. 9.

China’s apprehensions analyzed in Zhou Jihua, “A New Starting Point of Japan-U.S. Military Alliance”, International Strategic Studies, No. 2, 1996, pp. 24–29.

Quoted in Mufson Steve ., “US-Jpan Accord Fans China’s Fears”, Washington Post, April 19, 1996.

Summary Report, N. 70.

Jihua Zhou , n. 105, p. 31; and Witter Willis , “U.S.-Japan Military Pact Faces Barriers,” Washington Times, 7 June, 1996.

Washington, Post. n. 106.

Whiting , n. 30, pp. 303–321.

Wanandi , n. 48, p. 125.

See, Chairman’s Statement, The Fourth ASEAN Regional Forum, Jaya Subang , 27 July, 1997, accessible at (http://www.aseansec.org)

Yahuda Micheal ., “How Much has China Learned about Interdependence?” in Goodman David S.G. Segal Gerald , China Rising: Nationalism and Interdependence, (London: Routledge), 1977, p. 18.

Severenio Rodolfo , “ASEAN Vision 2020: Challenges and Prospects in the New Millenium”. Paper presented at the Eighth Southeast Asia Forum, Kuala Lumpur, March 15, 1998, accessible at ASEAN Secretariat website (http://www.asean.or.id.)

Wanandi , n. 48, and Whiting, n. 30.

Lim , n. 83, pp. 130–131.

Richardson Michael , “Is China Coveting ‘Lost’ Lands? A Wary Asia Looks On” International Herald Tribuna, 13 June, 1998.

Yahuda, n. 114, pp. 30–36.

Carthy Terry Me , “China’s Lure”, Time, July 13, 1998, pp. 18–21.