APPROACHES TO REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

ANC, “Discussion Document on Economic Policy”, Johannesbourg, 1991.

Balassa Bela , Theory of Economic Integration, London, George Allen and Unwin, 1961.

See Viner Jacob , The Customs Union Issues, New York, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1950 and Lipsey R. , “The Theory of Custom Union: A General Survey”, Economic Journal, Vol. 70, September 1960, pp. 496–513.

See Biswas Aparajita , “The ‘new’ South Africa in Southern Africa”, Africa Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 2, 1998, p. 77.

See, Jaine Estevez , “Regionalism, Nationalism and NPEO,” in Davidson Nicol , (Ed.), Regionalism and The New International Economic Order, New York, Paragamen Press, 1981.

See Maasdrop Gavin (ed), Can South and Southern Africa Become Globally Competitive Economies? Great Britain, Macmillan Press Ltd., 1996, p. 46.

See in the context, Lisa Thompson , ‘Southern Africa: Regional Institution and Dynamics’ in Benjamin Larry Christopher Gregory (ed.) Southern Africa at the Crossroad, South Africa, Justified Press, 1992.

Development Bank of Southern Africa, “Towards strengthening multisectoral linkages in SADC”, Development Paper No. 33, March 1997, p. 17–19.

Shaw Timothy M. , “The Revival of Regionalism in Africa: Case for Crisis or Prescription for Conflict”, Jerusalem Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 41, No. 4, 1989.

See Robson Peter , Economic Integration in Africa, London, Allen & Unwin, 1980.

See Myrdal Gunar , Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions, New York, 1957.

Ashante S.K.B. Regionalism and African Development Expectations, Reality and Challenges, G.B. Macmillan Press Ltd., 1997, p. 64.

Hazelwood Arthur D. , “Economic Integration: Lessons for African Recovery and Development,” in Teribe O. Bugembe P. (eds.), The Challenge of African Recovery and Development, London, Frank Case, 1990, p. 592.

See Ostergaard Tom , “Integration – what Relevance for Southern Africa”, in Oden Beril (ed.), Southern Africa After Apartheid, Uppssala, Nordiska, Africa Institute, 1993, p. 33–35.

SADCC, Towards Economic Integration: Theme Document for 1992, Consultative Meeting, Maputo, Sadee, 1992, p. 20.

Ibid. , p. 20.

See Mitrany David , A Working Peace System, Chicago, Quadrangle Books, 1996.

Wise M. , “The European Community”, in Gibb R. A. Michalek W.Z. (eds). Continental Trading Blocs: The Growth of Regionalism in the World Economy, John Wiley Chichester , pp. 75–110.

Cf. Groom A.J.R. Taylor Paul (eds.), Functionalism Theory and Practice in International Relations, London, University of London Press Ltd., 1975, p. 4.

Mitrany David , ‘A Working Peace System’, op. cit. , pp. 96–99.

Ernst Haas Philippe Schmitter , “Economics and Differential Patterns of Political Integration: ‘Projections about Unity in Latin America”. International Organisation, Vol. XVIII, Autumn, 1964. p. 261.

See Ashante S.K. , Regionalism and Africa’s Development: Expectation, Reality and Challenges, London, Macmillan Press Ltd., 1997, p. 25–28.

See in this context, Hansen Roger D. , ‘Regional Integration: Reflection on a Decade of Theoretical Efforts’, World Politics, Vol. 21, No. 2, January 1969, pp. 242–271, and Rana A.P. , “Integrative Possibilities of Regional Order in the Third World: The Theoretical Landscape”, in Melkote Rama (ed.), Regional Organisations A Third World Perspective, New Delhi, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1990, pp. 10–15.

Wise M. Gibb R.A. , Single Market to Social Europe: The European Community in the 1990 London, Longman, 1992.

Mutharika Bengu W.T. , Toward Multinational Economic Co-operation in Africa, New York, Praeger, 1972, p. 15.

Ashante S.K.B. , “Regionalism and African Development Strategy’, op. cit., p. 27.

Ibid. , p. 78.

Ibid. , p. 78–79.

Blumenfeld J. , Economic Interdependence in Southern Africa: From Conflict to Co-operation, London, Printer, 1991.

SADC , Theme Document. 1992, op. cit.

Anthony Lemon , The Geography of Change in South Africa, New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1995, pp. 227.

Hanlon Joseph , “SADCC in the 1990s: Development on the frontline”, Special Report No. 1158, Economic Intelligence Unit, London, 1989.

“Simba Makon-Interview with the Executive Secretary of SADCC”, SAPEM, Vol. 5, No. 2., November 1991, p. 6.

Blumenfeld J. , “Economic interdependence in Southern Arica: From Conflict to Co-operation”, op. cit.

SADCC, SADCC Annual Progress Report 1989–1990, SADCC, Gaborone, 1989.

See Maasdrop G. , Economic Co-operation in Southern Africa: Prospects for Regional Integration, The Research Institute for the study of Conflict and Terrorism, London, 1992, and SADCC Declaration towards the Southern African Development Community, Gaborone, Botswana, 1992, p. 5.

SADCC, SADCC Theme Document, Maputo Conference, 29-31 January, SADCC, Gaborone, 1992, p. 22.

Ibid. , p. 17.

Ibid. , p. 33.

SADC, Towards the Southern African Development Community: A Declaration, SADC, 1992. Gaborone, p. 3.

SADC, Treaty of the Southern African Development Community, SADC, Garborone 1992, Article 5.

SADCC, ‘SADCC Theme Document’, 1992, op. cit.