NarayanS, AggarwalR, UpadhyayA, DeorariAK, SinghM, PaulVK.Survival and morbidity in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Indian Pediatr.2003;40:130–135.
2.
RauchF, SchoenauE.Skeletal development in premature infants: a review of bone physiology beyond nutritional aspects. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed2000;86:F82–F85
3.
BrookeOG, LucasA.Metabolic bone disease in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child1985;60:682–685
4.
GreerFR.Disorders of calcium homeostasis. In: Intensive Care of the Fetus & Neonate.SpitzerAR (Ed). 2nd edn.Elsevier Mosby Philadelphia: pp-1179–1203.
5.
KooWWK, ShermanR, SuccopP. Sequential bone mineral content in small preterm infants with & without fractures and rickets. J bone Miner Res1988;3:193–197.
6.
CallenbachJC, SheehanMB, AbramsonSJ, HallRT.Etiologic factors of rickets in very low birth weight babies. J Pediatr1981;98:800–805.
7.
EvansJR, AllenAC, StinsonDA. Effect of high dose vit D supplementation on radiographically detectable bone disease of VLBW. J Pediatr1989;115:779–786.
8.
LindrothM, WestgrenU, LaurinS.Rickets in very low birth weight infants. Acta Ped Scand1986;75:927–931.
GreerFR, McCormickA.Improved bone mineralization & growth in premature infants fed fortified own mother's milk. J Pediatr1988,112:961–969.
13.
ComerCL.Radiocalcium studies in pregnancy. Ann N Y Acad Sci1956,64:281
14.
KlemmKK.Placental transmission of 32P in late pregnancy & in experimental prolongation of pregnancy in rats. Acta Ostet Gynecol Scand1956;35:445
15.
BosleyARJ, Verner-JonesER, CampbellMJ.Aetiological factors in rickets of prematurity. Arch Dis Child1980;55:683–686
16.
KooWWK etal. Continuous nasogastric phosphorous infusion in hypophosphatemic rickets of prematurity. Am J Dis Child1984;138:172–175
17.
RoweJC, CareyDE.Phosphorous deficiency syndrome in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Clin North Am1987,34:997
18.
LawrenceRA.Biochemistry of human milk. In: Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession.LawrenceRA (Ed.) 4th edn, Mosby pp 91–148.
19.
ChanGM.Growth and bone mineral status of discharged very low birth weight infants fed different formulas or human milk. J Pediatr1993;123:439–443.
20.
PejavurRKAiHifzi L.Osteopenia of prematurity. Indian Pediatr1997;34:543–546.
21.
ZeiglerE, O'DonnelA, NelsonS, FormanS.Body composition of reference fetus. Growth1976,40:329–341.
22.
KooWWK, . Fractures and rickets in very low birth weight infants: conservative management and outcome. J Pediatr Orthop1989;9:326–330.
23.
TsukaharaH, SudoM, UmezakiM, FujiiY, KuriyamaM. Measurement of lumbar spinal bone mineral density in preterm infants by dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry. Biol Neonate1993;64:96–103.
24.
KulkarniPB, HallRT, RhodesPG, . Rickets in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr1980;96:249–252.
25.
JamesJR, CongdonPJ, TruscottJ, HorsmanA, ArthurR.Osteopenia of prematurity. Arch Dis Child1986;61:871–876.
26.
KovarIZ, MayneP, BarltropD.Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity: a screening test for the rickets in preterm neonates. Lancet1982;1:308–310.
27.
McintoshN.Rickets of prematurity. Bone1984;1:26.
28.
BishopN.Bone disease in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child1989;64:1403–1409.
29.
BergsteinJM.The urinary system. In: Nelson textbook of Pediatrics.BehrmanRE, KliegmanRM, ArvinAM. (Eds) 15th edn; W.B Saunders Company, Philadelphia; pp 1486.
30.
McintoshN, LiveseyA, BrookeOG.Plasma hydoxy Vitamin D & rickets in infants of extremely low birth weight. Arch Dis Child1982;57:447–452.
BackstromMC, KouriJ, KuuselaA-L. Bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase & serum inorganic phosphate in metabolic bone disease of prematurity. Acta Pediatr2000;89:867–873.
33.
LeonardMB, ZemelBS.Current concepts in pediatric bone diseases. Ped Clin North Am2002;49: 143–167.
34.
SievananH, OjaP, Vuori L Scanner-Induced variability & quality assurance in longitudinal dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry measurements. Med Phys1994;21:1795–1805.
35.
SartorisDJ, ResnickD.Current and innovative methods for non invasive bone densitometry. Radiol Clin North Am1998;28:257–278
36.
LangP, SteigerP, FaulknerK, GluerC, GenantHK.Osteoporosis: Current techniques and recent developments in quantitative bone densitometry. Radiol Clin North Am1991;29(1):49–76
37.
SteichenJJ, GrattonTL, Tsang RC Osteopenia of prematurity: The cause and possible treatment. J Pediatr1980;96:528–534.
38.
DayGM, ChanceGW, RaddeIC. Growth and mineral metabolism in very low birth weight infants: Effects of calcium supplementation on growth and divalent ions. Pediatr Res1975;9:568–575.
39.
LyonAJ, McintoshN.Calcium and Phosphorous balance in extremely low birth weight infants in the first six weeks of life. Arch Dis Child1994,59:1145.
40.
ChanGM.Growth and bone mineral status of discharged very low birth weight infants fed different formulas or human milk. J Pediatr1993;123:439–443.
41.
AbramsSA, SchanlerRJ.Bone mineralization in former very low birth weight infants fed either human milk or commercial formula. J Pediatr1988;112:956–960.
42.
SteichenJ, PauleA, SteichenA, TsangRC.Bone mineral content measurement in small infants by single photon absorptiometry: Current methodologic issues. J Pediatr1988,113: 181–187.
43.
RoweJ, RoweD, HorakE. Hyphophostaemia and hypercalciuria in small premature infants fed human milk; evidence for inadequate dietary phosphorous. J Pediatr1984;104:112–117.
KooWWk et al: Dealyed bone mineralization in preterm infants. J Bone Miner Res1995; 10:5296.
46.
GrossSJ.Bone mineralization in preterm infants fed human milk with and without mineral supplementation. J Pediatr1987;111:450–458
47.
CareyDE, GoepzCA, HorakE, RoweJC.Phosphorous wasting during phosphorous supplementation of human milk feedings in preterm infants. J Pediatr1985;107:790–794.
48.
FaerkJ, PetersenS, PeitersenB, MichaelsenKF.. Diet and bone mineral content at term in premature infants. Pediatric Research2000;47:148–156.
49.
TrotterA, MaierL, PohlandtFManagement of the extremely preterm infant: is the replacement of estradiol and progesterone beneficial?Pediatr Drugs2001;3:629–637.
50.
KooWWK, TsangRC.Metabolic Bone Disease. In VyhYu, et al (eds): Textbook of Neonatal Medicine. Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press, 1996, pp 487–493
51.
CogdonPJ, HorsmanA, RyanSW, TruscottJG, DurwardH.Spontaneous resolution of bone mineral depletion in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child1990;65:1038–1042
52.
BowdenLS et al Eur J Ped1999;58:658–661
53.
FewtrellMS, ColeT, BishopNJ, LucasA.Neonatal factors predicting childhood height in preterm infants: Evidence for a persisting effect of early metabolic disease?J Pediatr2000;137:668–673.
54.
LucasA, BookeOG, BakerBA, . High alkaline phosphatase activity and growth in preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child1989;64:902–909.