The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a corporate similarity between the colours used in the website design of global companies, which are at the top of the world arena, where technology carries businesses to a different dimension. In this context, the corporate websites of the companies in the Fortune Global 500 list were examined. According to the results of the study, there is no differentiation among the colour preferences reflected in the virtual environment of the companies examined within the scope of the sample. The colour preferences used by the world’s most valuable companies in the virtual environment are similar; the colours these companies use most intensely are blue, white, grey and black. It is possible to evaluate this similarity within the scope of normative isomorphism in terms of the reflections of globalization and universal culture.
AbouAssiK., & BiesA. (2018). Relationships and resources: The isomorphism of non-profit organizations’ (NPO) self-regulation. Public Management Review, 20(11), 1581–1601.
2.
AkçuraM. T., & AltınkemerK. (2010). Digital bundling. Information Systems and E-Business Management, 8(4), 337–355.
3.
Al OmoushK. S., Al-QiremR. M., & Al HawatmahZ. M. (2018). The degree of e-business entrepreneurship and long-term sustainability: An institutional perspective. Information Systems and e-Business Management, 16(1), 29–56.
4.
AlevizakiO. R., Kara-MurzaE. S., LomykinaN. Y., & AgafonovaM. A. (2019). Marketing in social networks for promoting mass media brands. Scientific and Technical Information Processing, 46, 238–247.
5.
AslamW., TariqA., & ArifI. (2019). The effect of ATM service quality on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: An empirical analysis. Global Business Review, 20(5), 1155–1178.
6.
AytarO. (2019). Do the ethical declarations of companies consist of similar stereotypical concepts and topics? Or are they original commitments?Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 7(4), 1944–1966.
7.
BeckertJ. (2010). Institutional isomorphism revisited: Convergence and divergence in institutional change. Sociological Theory, 28(2), 150–166.
8.
BoussebaaM. (2021). From cultural differences to cultural globalization: Towards a new research agenda in cross-cultural management studies, Critical Perspectives on International Business, 17(3), 381–398.
9.
BremA., & VoigtK. I. (2009). Integration of market pull and technology push in the corporate front end and innovation management—Insights from the German software industry. Technovation, 29(5), 351–367.
10.
BruniR., & BianchiG. (2020). Website categorization: A formal approach and robustness analysis in the case of e-commerce detection. Expert Systems with Applications, 142, 1–14.
11.
CaplanR., & BoydD. (2018). Isomorphism through algorithms: Institutional dependencies in the case of Facebook. Big Data & Society, 5(1), 1–12.
12.
ChoudryA. (2010). Book review essay: A not-so-flat world? Dominant and alternative accounts of globalization. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 24(3), 382–397.
13.
ChunR. (2017). How virtuous global firms say they are: A content analysis of ethical values. Journal of Business Ethics, 155, 1–17.
14.
CyrD., HeadM., & LariosH. (2010). Colour appeal in website design within and across cultures: A multi-method evaluation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 68(1–2), 1–21.
15.
DaftR., L. (2015). Organization theory & design. Cengage Learning.
16.
DiMaggioP. J., & PowellW. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147–160.
17.
DiMaggioP. J., & PowellW. W. (1991). Introduction, In PowellW. W., & DiMaggioP. J. (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. University of Chicago Press.
18.
dos SantosM. G., BoriniF. M., PereiraR. M., & RaziqM. M. (2020). Institutional pressures and the diffusion of organisational innovation: Evidence from Brazilian firms. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 32(7), 869–880.
19.
EnkeN., & BorchersN. S. (2019). Social media influencers in strategic communication: A conceptual framework for strategic social media influencer communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 13(4), 261–277.
20.
GarcíaM. G., Carrillo-DuránM. V., & JimenezJ. L. T. (2017). Online corporate communications: Website usability and content. Journal of Communication Management, 21(2), 140–154.
21.
GeorgiadouE., & NickersonC. (2020). Exploring strategic CSR communication on UAE banks’ corporate websites. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 25(3), 413–428.
22.
GornG. J., ChattopadhyayA., SenguptaJ., & TripathiS. (2004). Waiting for the web: How screen color affects time perception. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(2), 215–225.
23.
HahnS. E., SparksB., WilkinsH., & JinX. (2017). E-service quality management of a hotel website: A scale and implications for management. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 26(7), 694–716.
24.
HallikainenH., & LaukkanenT. (2018). National culture and consumer trust in e-commerce. International Journal of Information Management, 38(1), 97–106.
25.
HannanM. T., & FreemanJ. (1977). The Population Ecology of Organizations. American Journal of Sociology, 82(5), 929–964.
26.
HarrisH. (2001). Content analysis of secondary data: A study of courage in managerial decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 34, 191–208.
27.
HasíkJ. (2016). Mimetic and normative isomorphism in the establishment and maintenance of independent air forces. Defense & Security Analysis, 32(3), 253–263.
28.
HesmondhalghD., & MeierL. M. (2018). What the digitalisation of music tells us about capitalism, culture and the power of the information technology sector. Information, Communication & Society, 21(11), 1555–1570.
29.
Hofstede Insights. (2021). The 6 dimensions of national culture. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/models/national-culture/
30.
HofstedeG. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. SAGE Publications.
31.
HofstedeG. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. SAGE Publications.
32.
HuangH., ParkerG., TanY. R., & XuH. (2020). Altruism or Shrewd Business? Implications of Technology Openness on Innovations and Competition. MIS Quarterly, 44(3), 1049–1071.
33.
HungW. H., McQueenR. J., YenD. C., & ChauP. Y. (2015). Measuring the alignment of websites and organisational critical activities. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 27(5), 550–568.
34.
JajaS. A., GabrielJ. M. O., & WobodoC. C. (2019). Organizational isomorphism: The quest for survival. Noble International Journal of Business and Management Research, 3(5), 86–94.
35.
JoseA., & LeeS. M. (2007). Environmental reporting of global corporations: A content analysis based on website disclosures. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(4), 307–321.
36.
KangD., ShimH., & YoonK. (2018). A method for extracting emotion using colors comprise the painting image. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 77(4), 4985–5002.
37.
KaskatayevaZ. A., MazhitayevaS., OmashevaZ. M., NygmetovaN., & KadyrovZ. (2020). Colour categories in different linguistic cultures. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 12(6), 1–13.
38.
KeytonJ. (2017). Communication in organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 501–526.
KirmaniA. (1997). Advertising repetition as a signal of quality: If it’s advertised so much, something must be wrong. Journal of advertising, 26(3), 77–86.
41.
KondrackiN. L., & WellmanN. S. (2002). Content analysis: Review of methods and their applications in nutrition education. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 34, 224–230
42.
KrippendorffK. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. SAGE Publications.
43.
LanyiC. S. (2012). Choosing effective colours for websites. In BestJ. (Ed.), Colour design theories and applications (pp. 600–621). Woodhead Publishing.
44.
LazarisC., SarantopoulosP., VrechopoulosA., & DoukidisG. (2021). Effects of increased omnichannel integration on customer satisfaction and loyalty intentions. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 25(4), 440–468.
45.
LippiA. (2000). One theory, many practices. Institutional allomorphism in the managerialist reorganization of Italian local governments. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 16(4), 455–477.
46.
MaddenT. J., HewettK., & RothM. S. (2000). Managing images in different cultures: A cross-national study of color meanings and preferences. Journal of international marketing, 8(4), 90–107.
47.
MardaniA., NikoosokhanS., MoradiM., & DoustarM. (2018). The relationship between knowledge management and innovation performance. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 29(1), 12–26.
48.
MasonC. (2012). Isomorphism, social enterprise and the pressure to maximise social benefit. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 74–95.
49.
MeyerJ. W., & RowanB. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340–363.
50.
MichL., FranchM., & CilioneG. (2003). The 2qcv3q quality model for the analysis of web site requirements. Journal of Web Engineering, 2(1–2), 115–127.
51.
Mutlu KesiciE., NazlıM, & Dalgıç TurhanG. (2017). Compatibility of firm positioning strategy and website content: Highest R&D spending firms in Turkey. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 16(3), 664–686.
52.
NisbettR. (2004). The geography of thought: How Asians and Westerners think differently... and why. Free Press.
53.
OkazakiS., & TaylorC. R. (2013). Social media and international advertising: Theoretical challenges and future directions. International Marketing Review, 30(1), 56–71.
54.
PoppingR. (2000). Network text analysis. In PoppingR. (Ed.), Computer-Assisted Text Analysis (pp. 97–128). SAGE Publications.
55.
PrasadB. D. (2008). Content analysis. Research Methods for Social Work, 5, 1–20.
56.
PrenticeC., Dominique LopesS., & WangX. (2020). The impact of artificial intelligence and employee service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(7), 739–756.
57.
RanaM. B., & SørensenO. J. (2021). Levels of legitimacy development in internationalization: Multinational enterprise and civil society interplay in institutional void. Global Strategy Journal, 11(2), 269–303.
58.
RazaS. A., UmerA., QureshiM. A., & DahriA. S. (2020). Internet banking service quality, e-customer satisfaction and loyalty: The modified e-SERVQUAL model. The TQM Journal, 32(6), 1443–1466. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-02-2020-0019
59.
RevathiR., & AithalP. S. (2019). A review on impact of information communication & computation technology (ICCT) on selected primary, secondary, and tertiary industrial sectors. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 4(1), 106–127.
60.
SchwabK. (2017). The fourth industrial revolution. Crown Business.
61.
ScottW. R. (1992). Organizations: Rational, natural, and open systems. Prentice-Hall.
62.
SharifS., LodhiR. N., AhmadW., & IqbalK. (2021). Provider–recipient dyadic interactions: Impact of service quality on customer behaviours using a multi-modelling approach. Global Business Review, 09721509211038828. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509211038828
63.
ShethJ. N. (2020). Borderless media: Rethinking international marketing. Journal of International Marketing, 28(1), 3–12.
64.
ShiX., & WanW. (2021). A cross-cultural genre analysis of firm-generated advertisements on Twitter and Sina Weibo. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 36(1), 71–104.
65.
SinghN., & SrivastavaS. K. (2011). Impact of colors on the psychology of marketing–A comprehensive over view. Management and Labour Studies, 36(2), 199–209.
66.
SpanosY. E., PrastacosG. P., & PoulymenakouA. (2002). The relationship between information and communication technologies adoption and management. Information & Management, 39(8), 659–675.
67.
TeodoroM. P. (2014). When professionals lead: Executive management, normative isomorphism, and policy implementation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory24(4), 983–1004.
68.
TingP. H., WangS. T., BauD. Y., & ChiangM. L. (2013). Website evaluation of the top 100 hotels using advanced content analysis and eMICA model. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(3), 284–293.
69.
VivesC. S. (2015). Un modelo para el análisis y concepción sitios web: El WebSite Canvas Model aplicado a Eldiario. es. Hipertext. net, (13).
70.
WeberR. P. (1990). Basic Content Analysis. Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences. 49.
71.
WebsterC., & WhiteA. (2010). Exploring the national and organizational culture mix in service firms. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(6), 691–703.
72.
WijayaI. G. N. S., TriandiniE., KabnaniE. T. G., & ArifinS. (2021). E-commerce website service quality and customer loyalty using WebQual 4.0 with importance performances analysis, and structural equation model: An empirical study in shopee. Register: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Sistem Informasi, 7(2), 107–124.
73.
Worldstats. (2021). World internet usage and population statistics 2021 year. Internet World Stats. https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
74.
YuJ., KingK. W., & YoonH. J. (2010). How much are health websites influenced by culture? Content analysis of online diet programs in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Korea. Journal of Promotion Management, 16(3), 331–359.
75.
ZhangH., & HuB. (2017). The effects of organizational isomorphism on innovation performance through knowledge search in industrial cluster. Chinese Management Studies, 11(2), 209–229.
76.
ZhouY. X., & YangL. L. (2010). An attempt of using the national color culture on product design. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 37, 94–97.
