Japanese human resource management (HRM) is currently faced with challenges that have emerged from the increasing diversity among employees. This study surveyed five companies (in the food, chemical, trade, and education sectors), focusing on three types of diversity—employment structures, values held by different generations, and gender. Drawing from the survey results, this paper attempts to provide guidelines for formulating contingent proactive HRM approaches in managing diversity and to harness corporate culture in achieving organizational competitiveness.
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