Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2025-11
An Analysis of Relationships Among Transformational Leadership,Organisational Culture and Organisational Success Using SEM for Three Public Hospitals in Turkey
The aim study is to analyse using structural equation modelling (SEM) the impacts of transformational leadership (TFL) and organisational culture (OC) on organisational success (OS) from the hospital employees’ perspective, using SEM. Furthermore, we would like to investigate the mediating role of OC between TFL and OS. This study is a cross-sectional analytical study. Research data were collected by questionnaires from 304 hospital employees. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and SEM were calculated using R Studio with lavaan and SemPlot packages. TFL was positively correlated with OS (r = 0.514, p < .01), OC (r = 0.408; p < .01) and education (r = 0.177; p < .01). In effect on the OS model, TFL positively and significantly affected OS (β = 0.311; p < .01) and OC (β = 0.644; p < .001). TFL had an indirect effect on OS by the mediator role of OC (β = 0.244; p < .05). Positive relationships were found between TFL, OC and OS. TFL had a significant direct effect on OS. TFL had an indirect effect on OS by the mediator role of OC. Although the direct effect was larger than the mediation effect, the mediation effect of OC is significant.
AboramadanM., AlbashitiB., AlharazinH., & ZaidouneS. (2020). Organizational culture, innovation and performance: A study from a non-Western context. Journal of Management Development, 39(4), 437–451. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-06-2019-0253
2.
AndreaniF., & PetrikA. (2016). Employee performance as the impact of transformational leadership and job satisfaction in PT Anugerah Baru Denpasar. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 18(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2016.040404
3.
BagozziR. P., & YiY. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
4.
BassB. M., & BassR. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications (4th ed.). Free Press.
5.
BassB. M., & RiggioR. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
6.
BastariA., EliyanaA., & WijayantiT. W. (2020). Effects of transformational leadership styles on job performance with job motivation as mediation: A study in a state-owned enterprise. Management Science Letters, 10, 2883–2888. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.4.019
7.
BlockL. (2003). The leadership-culture connection: An exploratory investigation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24(6), 318–334. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730310494293
8.
BogaI., & EnsariN. (2009). The role of transformational leadership and organizational change on perceived organizational success. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 12(4), 235–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/10887150903316248
9.
ChoiS. L., GohC. F., AdamM. B. H., & TanO. K. (2016). Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: The mediating role of employee empowerment. Human Resources for Health, 14(73), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-016-0171-2
10.
ComreyA. L., & LeeH. B. (2013). A first course in factor analysis. Psychology Press.
11.
DönmezS., & TokerY. (2017). Construction of a Likert-type transformational leadership scale. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 57(2), 753–775. https://doi.org/10.1501/dtcfder_0000001537
12.
EffiyantiE., LubisA. R., SofyanS., & SyafruddinS. (2021). The influence of transformational leadership on organizational performance: A case study in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 583–593. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.0583
GabbertC. C. (2005). The relationship between chief executive transformational leadership and hospital high performance. Capella University.
15.
GokceB., GuneyS., & KatrinliA. (2014). Does doctors’ perception of hospital leadership style and organizational culture influence their organizational commitment?Social Behavior and Personality, 42(9), 1549–1562. https://doi.org/10.224/sbp.2014.42.9.1549
16.
HairJ. F., BlackW., BabinB. J., & AndersonR. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed., Vol. 6). Pearson Prentice Hall.
17.
IdrisM., Maryadi, SaripuddinD., FirmanA., & HidayatM. (2022). The effect of transformational leadership style, organizational culture and work motivation toward employee performance (study on developer companies in Makassar). Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 21(S1), 1–15.
18.
KlineR. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
19.
KlineR. B. (2015). Principles and practices of structural equation modelling (4th ed.). Methodology in the Social Sciences.
20.
KoechP. M., & NamusongeG. (2012). The effect of leadership styles on organizational performance at state corporations in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 2(1), 1–12.
21.
MansurovaS., & GüneyS. (2018). İşletmelerde dönüşümcü liderlik davranışlarının örgüt kültürüne etkisi ve bir uygulama. Anadolu Bil Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 52, 33–54. https://ezproxy.deakin.edu.au/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=a9h&AN=135507943&site=ehost-live&scope=site
22.
MohammedT. Y., & BaşD. P. (2020). Dönüşümcü liderlik stilinin örgüt kültürü ve işletmenin yenilikçiliğine etkisi. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 98–122.
23.
OgbonnaE., & HarrisL. C. (2000). Leadership style, organizational culture and performance: empirical evidence from UK companies. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(4), 766–788. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190050075114
24.
RavangardR., KarimiS., FarhadiP., SajjadniaZ., & ShokrpourN. (2016). The effects of transformational leadership and mediating factors on the organizational success using structural equation modeling: A case study. Health Care Manager, 35(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0000000000000090
25.
RobbinsB., & DavidhizarR. (2020). Transformational leadership in health care today. The Health Care Manager, 39(3), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0000000000000296
26.
RosseelY., JorgensenT. D., RockwoodN., OberskiD., ByrnesJ., VanbrabantL., SavaleiV., MerkleE., & ScharfF. (2020). Lavaan. Latent variable analysis. Version 0.6-7.
27.
ŞanalM., & ÖztürkM. (2019). Örgüt kültürünün üretim işletmelerinin performansına etkisi: Adana organize sanayi bölgesinde bir araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(2), 257–271.
28.
SarrosJ. C., GrayJ., & DenstenI. L. (2002). Leadership and its impact on organizational culture. International Journal of Business Studies, 10(2), 1–26.
29.
Sayanİ., & GüneyS. (2019). The impact of leadership style on organizational citizenship behavior: Determining the level of motivation in health workers. Uluslararası Liderlik Çalışmaları Dergisi: Kuram ve Uygulama, 2(1), 19–40.
30.
TabachnickB. & FidellL. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson Education.
31.
TüfekçiN. (2012). Örgüt kültürünün örgüt performansına etkisinin hastaneler için akreditasyon standartları kapsamında ölçülmesi: isparta ilindeki devlet, özel ve üniversite hastanesinde bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi.
32.
Türkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği. (2017). Türkiye Sağlık Sektörüne Genel Bakış. https://www.tobb.org.tr/saglik/20171229-tss-genel-bakis-tr.pdf
33.
VatankhahS., AlirezaeiS., KhosravizadehO., MirbahaeddinS. E., AlikhaniM., & AlipanahM. (2017). Role of transformational leadership on employee productivity of teaching hospitals: using structural equation modeling. Electronic Physician, 9(8), 4978–4984. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.19082/4978
34.
WinklerM. R., & MarshallE. S. (2021). Leading the design of new models of care. In BroomeM. E. & MarshallE. S. (Eds.), Transformational leadership in nursing (pp. 238–240). Springer.
35.
XenikouA., & SimosiM. (2006). Organizational culture and transformational leadership as predictors of business unit performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(6), 566–579. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610684409
36.
ZebA., SaeedG., RehmanS., UllahH., & RabiF. (2015). Transformational and transactional leadership styles and its impact on the performance of the public sector organizations in Pakistan. Absyn Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 37–46.
