In the labour-intensive health sector industry the quality of services is ultimately linked to the skills, motivation and satisfaction of the workers providing the healthcare services. Thus in order to study the job satisfaction level of the healthcare providers, so as to suggest measures to enhance it, the present study was carried out at CGHS which is one of the biggest public health sector organisations in the country and caters to a huge section of the organised sector.
Understanding the healthcare provider’s work satisfaction is crucial to the understanding of the dynamics of the healthcare provider’s work force. Job satisfaction has been shown to be important in the retention of the healthcare providers in a given community as low job satisfaction has been associated with an intention to relocate. Recent studies have reported that low levels of job satisfaction among healthcare providers affect the patient-provider relationship and also compromise the quality of healthcare services. The study was undertaken to assess the levels of job satisfaction among the healthcare providers in CGHS dispensaries.
A standardised tool developed by Peter Warr, John Cook and Toby Wall (1979) was used to measure the healthcare providers’ job satisfaction in the present study. For this study 250 healthcare providers working in the CGHS dispensaries of Delhi were interviewed. This included 100 doctors, 50 nurses and 100 paramedics which included both pharmacists and lab technicians. The findings of this study indicated that the levels of job satisfaction were not very high among the healthcare providers who were interviewed.
Adams, A.E. and S. Bond (2000). Hospital nurses’ job satisfaction, individual and organizational characteristics . Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(3), 536–43 .
2.
Anderson, L. , J. Tolson , M. Filed and J. Thacker (1992). Job autonomy as a moderator of the Pelz effect . Journal of Social Psychology, 130, 707–08 .
3.
Bach, S. (2001). HR and new approaches to public health sector management: Improving HRM capacity, World Health Organization, Geneva .
4.
Batlis, Nick, C. (1980). The effect of organizational climate on job satisfaction, anxiety and propensity to leave . Journal of Psychology, 104, 233–40 .
5.
Bhuian, S. , E. Al-Shammari and O. Jefri (1996). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and job characteristics: An empirical study of expatriates in Saudi Arabia . International Journal of Commerce & Management, 6(3/4), 57–80 .
6.
Chen, P.Y. and P.E. Spector (1991). Negatively affectivity as the underlying cause of correlations between stressors and strains . Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 398–407 .
7.
Clark, Andrew E. and Oswald, Andrew J. (1996). Satisfaction and comparison income . Journal of Public Economics, 61(3), 359–81 .
8.
Connis, Richard, T. et al. (2002). Wolf Department of Psychology, University of Washington and Work environment in relation to employee job satisfaction in group homes for youths, Compensation & Benefits Review, 34(5), 64–72 .
9.
Dieleman, M. , P.V. Cuong , L.V. Anh and T. Martineau (2003). Identifying factors for job motivation of rural health workers in North Vietnam . Human Resources for Health, 1: 10 .
10.
Freeborn, D.K. ( 1998 ). Satisfaction, commitment and psychological well-being among physicians . Permanente Journal, spring volume 2(2).
11.
> Freeborn, D.K. (2001). Satisfaction, commitment, and psychological well-being among HMO physicians . Western Journal of Medicine, 174(1), 13–18 .
12.
Healy, C. and M. McKay (2000). Nursing stress: The effects of coping strategies and job satisfaction in a sample of Australian nurses . J Adv Nurs, 31, 681–88 .
13.
Hegney, D. and A. McCarthy (2000). Job Satisfaction and nurses in rural Australia . Journal of Nursing Administration, 30, 347–51 .
14.
Helfenbein S. , H. Sawyer , P. Sayer and S. Wijesinghe (1987). Improving management effectiveness and efficiency. In M. Favin , C. Dunn and D. Rajasingham (eds), Technologies for management information systems in primary health (pp. 52–57). World Federation of Public Health Association, Washington DC .
15.
Helfenbein, S. et al. (1987). Technologies for management information systems in primary health care. World Federation of Public Health Agencies, Geneva .
16.
Joint Learning Initiative (2004). Human resources for health. Boston MA: Harvard University Press .
17.
Landerweerd, J. and N. Bousmans (1994). The effect of work dimensions and need for autonomy on nurses’ work satisfaction and health . Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 67(3), 207–17 .
18.
Lavanchy, Marcel, I.Connelly, S. Grzybowski , A.C. Michalos , J. Berkowitz and H.V. Thommsen (2004). Determinants of rural physicians’ life and job satisfaction . Journal of Social Indicators Research, 43, 307–34 .
19.
Letwin, G.H. and R.A. Stringer (1968). Motivation and organizational climate. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press .
20.
Lippeveld T. , R. Sauerborn and C. Bodart (2000). Design and implementation of health information systems. Geneva: World Health Organization .
21.
Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behaviour . Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 23(6).
22.
Maheshwari, S. , R. Bhat and S. Saha (2008). Commitment among state health offi cials & its implications for health sector reform: Lessons from Gujarat . Indian Journal of Medical Research, 127(February), 148–53 , IIM, Ahemdabad.
23.
Maheshwari, S. , S. Saha and R. Bhat (2005). Senior officials in health system: Reflections from a progressive state in a developing economy for the state of Maharashtra . Journal of Health Management, 7(1), 1–39 .
24.
Marjolein, Dieleman , Jurrien Toonen , Hamadassalia Touré , and Tim Martineau (2006). The match between motivation and performance management of health sector workers in Mali; Human Resources Health . 2006: 4: 2 . Published online 9 February 2006. DOI:10.1186/1478-4491-4-2
25.
Martineau, T. and J. Martinez (1998). Rethinking human resources: An agenda for the millennium . Health Policy and Planning, 13( 4), 345–58 .
26.
Martineau, T. , Y. Gong and S. Tang (2004). Changing medical doctor productivity and its affecting factors in rural China . International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 19, 101–11 .
27.
Mulvany, G. (2002). Improving working lives for doctors . BMJ, 2002; 325: S 17 , National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health Report of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India , 2005.
28.
Murray, Richard, A. (1999). Job Satisfaction of Professional and Para professional Library Staff at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
29.
Murray, A. , J.E. Montgomery , H. Chang , W.H. Rogers , T. Inui and D.G. Safran (2001). Doctor discontent: A comparison of physician satisfaction in different delivery system settings, 1986 and 1997 . Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(7), 452–59 .
30.
Neumark, David and Andrew Postlewaite (1995). Relative income concerns and the rise in married women’s employment. NBER Working Papers 5044, National Bureau .
31.
Nunberg, B. (1995). Managing the civil service: Reform lessons from advanced industrialized countries. World Bank discussion paper, 204. Washington, DC: World Bank .
32.
Oum, S. , P. Keat , V. Saphonn and P. Oum (2005). Human Resources for Health and Child Survival in Cambodia . [http://www.aaahrh.org/docs.php]. Asia Pacific Action Alliance on Human Resources for Health, country reviews.
33.
Pergamit, M.R. and J.R. Veum (1999). What is promotion?Industrial and Labor Relations Review, July 1999.
34.
Pestonjee, D.M and P.K. Mishra (1999). Role stress and job satisfaction among doctors . Journal of Health Management, 1(1), 117–31 .
35.
Rose, M. (2001). Disparate measures in the workplace . Quantifying overall job satisfaction. Paper presented at the 2001 BHPS Research Conference, Colchester, available online at www.iser.essex.ac.uk/bhps/2001
36.
Ruck, N.F. et al. (1999). Assessing management training needs: A study in the Punjab health services, Pakistan . Journal of Health and Population in Developing Countries, 2, 78–87 .
37.
Sasi Kumar, V. and Sundar Ramanathaiyer (2008). Hospitals or Hell?, Concurrents.org Senate Community Affairs References Committee (2002). The patient profession: Time for action. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
38.
Silvestro, R. and Silvestro, C. (2000). An evaluation of nurse rostering practices in the National Health Service . Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32, 525–35 .
39.
Singh, A.P. and D.M. Pestonjee (1974). Supervisory behavior and job satisfaction . Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 9(3), 407–41 .
40.
Society for Human Resource Management (2008). SHRM surveys address job security, benefits, older workers , HR Magazine.
41.
Soeters, R. and F. Griffiths (2003). Performance-based incentives for health workers in Cambodia. Source: Improving government health services through contract management: A case from Cambodia. Health Policy and Planning.
42.
Tovey, E.J. and A.E. Adams (1999). The changing nature of nurses’ job satisfaction: An exploration of sources of satisfaction in the 1990s . Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30(1), 150–58 .
43.
Tummers, G.E.R. , J.A. Landeweerd and G.G. van Merode (2002). Organization, work and work reactions: A study of the relationship between organizational aspects of nursing and nurses’ work characteristics and work reactions . Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 16, 52–58 .
44.
UN Millennium Development Project (2005). Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals, Overview.
45.
Warr, P. , J. Cook and T. Wall (1979). Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and aspects of psychological well being . Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 129–48 .
46.
Wilkinson, A.D. and R.M. Wagner (1993). Supervisory leadership styles and state vocational rehabilitation counsellor job satisfaction and productivity . Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 37(1), 15–24 .
47.
World Health Organization (2004). The Migration of Skilled Health Personnel in the Pacific Region, WHO Western Pacific Region .
