For the sultans of Delhi control of Bayana in eastern Rajasthan was a key to
securing their southern territories from the local Hindu rajas. The first part
of the study here sets out the history from inscriptions, standing monuments,
and contemporary texts. It looks beyond the fort and town and establishes the
boundaries of the region, its resources and the ethnic origin of its Muslim
population. The second part is planned to present the history from the time of
Tīmūr’s invasion, and will deal with the rise of
the autonomous local Auadī rulers, and the role of Bayana
under the Lodīs, Sūrīs and early Mughals, and its
eventual decline after the foundation of Agra, formerly one of its villages.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Abu’l-Fadl ‘Allamī
Fahhāmī b. Mubārak Nāgurī.
1872-77. Ā’ īn-i Akbarī (Persian),
2 vols, ed. H. Blochmann, Calcutta.
Alfieri, Bianca Maria
and
Federico Borromeo
. 2000. Islamic Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent,
London and New York
.
4.
Archaeological Survey of India
. 1963-64. Annual Reports on Indian Epigraphy (ARIE),
New Delhi
.
5.
Badāwūnī (Badaoni), ‘Abd
al-Qādir b. Mulūk Shāh. 1864-69. Muntakhab
al-tawārīkh, ed. Maulawī Amad
‘Alī, Kabīr al-dīn Amad and
William Nassau Lees, 3 vols, Calcutta.
6.
Balfour-Paul, Jenny. 1998. Indigo, London.
7.
Banerji, R.D.1919. Progress Report of the Archaeological Survey of India, Western
Circle,
Bombay
.
8.
Barnī, iyā’ al-dīn,
1862. Tārīkh-i Fīrūz
Shāhī, eds. W.N. Lees, S. Ahmad Khan and
Kabiru’d-Din, Calcutta.
9.
Blochmann, H. and H.S. Jarrett (trs). 1868-94/1949. Ain-i-Ākbari of
Abul Fazl-i-‘Āllami, 3 vols. Second editor corrected and
annotated by Jadunah Sarkar, Calcutta.
10.
Brandreth, E.S.1848. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol.
XVII (1):
553
.
11.
Carlleyle, A.C.L.1878. ‘Report of a Tour in Eastern Rajputana in 1871-72
and 1872-73’, Archaeological Survey of India
Reports, (henceforth, ASIR), vol. VI: 40-77, pls 4-8.
12.
Cunningham, Alexander
. 1885. ‘Report of a Tour in Eastern Rajputana in
1882-83’, ASIR, vol. XX: 60-93, pls 13-19.
13.
Desai, Ziauddin
. 1971. Published Muslim Inscriptions of Rajasthan
(PMIR),
Jaipur
.
14.
Elliot, Henry M.
and
John Dowson.
(eds). 1867-77. The History of India as Told by its Own
Historians, the Muhammadan Period, 8 vols,
London
.
Fleet, John F.1885. ‘Sanskrit and Old-Kanarese Inscriptions, No. CLI,
Byānā Stone Inscription of the Adhirāja
Vijaya—Samvat 1100’, Indian Antiquary
(henceforth IA), vol. XIV: 8-12.
17.
Fleet, John F.1886. ‘Sripatha, the Ancient Sanskrit name of
Byana’,
IA
, vol. XV.
18.
Halim, Abdul
. 1949.
‘Some Minor Dynasties of Northern India during the Fifteenth Century’
, Journal of Indian History, vol. XXVI (part 3, no.
78):
223-248
.
19.
Horovitz, Josef
. 1909-10. ‘A List of the Published Mohamedan
Inscriptions of India’,
Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica
(henceforth EIM).
Khan, Iqtidar Alam
. 1986.
‘Pre-Modern Indigo Vats of Bayana’
, Journal of Islamic Environmental Design, Part 2:
92-98
.
22.
Maulānā Minhāj-ud-dīn Abū
‘Umar i-‘Uthmān
. 1881. Tabaqāt-i Nāsirī: A
General History of the Muhammadan Dynasties of Asia including
Hindustān, 2 vols, tr. H.G. Raverty,
London
.
Niām al-dīn Amad
Khwāja, b. Muammad Muqīm Hirawī. 1927-35.
Tabaqāt-i Akbarī, 3 vols, eds B. De and M. Hidayat
Hosain, Calcutta.
29.
Pandit, Bhagwanlal Indraji
. 1880. ‘Inscription from Kama or
Kamavana’, IA, vol. X: 34-36.
30.
Sharma, D.P.
1956.
‘The Auhadi and the Jalwani Dynasties of Bayana’
, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Nineteenth
Session, Agra.
31.
Shokoohy, Mehrdad. 1987. ‘Az islám
müvészet Indiában a korai
iszlámtól a Nagy-Mughalok
bukásáig’, in Géza
Fehérvári (ed.), Az iszlám
müvészet története, Budapest.
32.
Shokoohy, Mehrdad
. 2003. Muslim Architecture of South India, the Sultanate of
Ma‘bar and the Traditions of the Maritime Settlers on the Malabar and
Coromandel Coasts (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Goa),
London and New York
.
33.
reprinted in
Monica Juneja
(ed.), Architecture in Medieval India—Forms, Contexts,
Histories,
New Delhi
.
34.
Shokoohy, Mehrdad
and
Natalie H. Shokoohy
. 1993. Nagaur, Sultanate and Early Mughul History and
Architecture of the District of Nagaur, India, Royal Asiatic Society
Monograph, XXVIII.
35.
The Imperial Gazetteer of India (26 vols). 1907-31, Oxford.
36.
The Travels of Ibn Battūta A.D.1325-54 (5 vols). 1958-2000.
Translated by H.A.R. Gibb and completed by C.F. Beckingham, London.
37.
al-‘Utbī, Muammad b. ‘Abd al-Jabbār
. 1858. The kitab-i yamini, historical memoris of the Amir
Sabuktagin and the Sultan Mamúd of Ghazna, tr. James
Reynolds, London: 1869-70. Al-tārīkh
al-yamīnī, 2 vols,
Cairo
.
38.
Yahyā b. Ahmad b. ‘Abdullāh
al-Sihrindī. 1931. Tārīkh-i Mubārak
Shāhī, ed. M. Hidayat Hosain, Calcutta.
