This article approaches the phenomenon of globalization from a long-term perspective and argues for analyzing globalization as a process, focusing on different actors within a global economy. Based on previous findings from Malaysia and some preliminary findings from the Shanghai region, China, it explores the motives and adaptations of foreign industries in Asia. The article also seeks to identify the interdependencies of local and global actors at the meeting grounds, or interface situations, of globalization. Analyzing the moves and motives of one company over time, the article examines whether access to women’s labor is integrated into company strategies within a global economy. The authors make a case for more localized analyses that acknowledge the particularities of women’s lives and work in view of globalization as a differential force.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Appadurai , Arjun . (2001) ‘Grassroots Globalization and the Research Imagination,’ in Appadurai, Arjun (ed.), Globalization,Duke University Press,Durham and London, 1– 21 .
2.
Arizpe , Lourdes . (1997) ‘Women in the Informal Sector: The Case of Mexico City,’ in Visvanathan, Nalini et al. (eds), The Women, Gender and Development Reader,Zed Books,London,216– 29 .
3.
Barth , Fredrik . (1978) ‘Scale and Network in Urban Western Society,’ in Barth, F. (ed.), Scale and Social Organization,Scandinavian University Press,Oslo,163– 83 .
4.
Bauman , Zygmunt . (1998) Globalisation: The Human Consequences,Polity Press,Cambridge.
5.
Beck , Ulrich . (2000a) The Brave New World of Work,Polity Press,Cambridge.
6.
Beck , Ulrich . (2000b) What is Globalization?Polity Press,Cambridge.
7.
Beneria , Lourdes . (2003) Gender, Development and Globalisation: Economics as if People Mattered,Routledge,New York.
8.
Beynon , John & Dunkerley , David . (2002) ‘General Introduction,’ in Beynon, J. and Dunkerley, D. (eds), Globalization: The Reader,The Athlone Press,London,1– 38 .
9.
Bhavnani , Kum-Kum , Foran , John & Kurian , Priya . (eds), (2003) Feminist Futures: Re-imagining Women, Culture and Development,Zed Books,London.
10.
Croucher , Sheila L . (2004) Globalization and Belonging: The Politics of Identity in a Changing World,Rowman and Littlefield Publishers,Maryland.
11.
Ehrenreich , Barbara & Hochschild , Arlie R . (2003) Global Woman: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy,Granta Books,London.
12.
Elson , Diane & Pearson , Ruth . (1981) ‘The Subordination of Women and the Internationalization of Factory Production,’ in Young, K., Wolkowitz, Carol and McCullagh, Roslyn. (eds), Of Marriage and the Market,CSI Books,London,18– 40 .
13.
Elson , Diane & Pearson , Ruth . (1997) ‘The Subordination of Women and the Internationalization of Factory Production,’ in Visvanathan, Nalini et al. (eds), The Women, Gender and Development Reader,Zed Books,London,191– 203 .
14.
Esteva , Gustavo & Prakash , Madhu S . (1997) ‘From Global Thinking to Local Thinking,’ in Rahnema, Majid and Bawtree, Victoria. (eds), The Post-Development Reader,Zed Books,London,277– 89 .
15.
Fernández-Kelly , Maria Patricia . (1997) ‘Maquiladoras: The Vision from the Inside,’ in Visvanathan, Nalini et al. (eds), The Women, Gender and Development Reader,Zed Books,London,203– 15 .
16.
Frank , Andre Gunder . (1981) Crisis: In the Third World,Holmes and Meyer,New York.
17.
Fröbel , Folker , Kreye , Otto & Heinrichs , Jürgen . (1980) The New International Division of Labour in the World Economy,Polity Press,Cambridge.
18.
Ghai , Dharam . (1997) Economic Globalization, Institutional Change and Human Security,Discussion Paper, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva.
19.
Giddens , Anthony . (1990) The Consequences of Modernity,Polity Press,Cambridge.
20.
Grown , Caren . (1989) ‘Beyond Survival: Expanding Income-Earning Opportunities for Women in Developing Countries,’World Development17(7), July, special issue.
21.
Haraway , Donna . (1991) ‘Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective,’ in Haraway, D., Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature,Free Association Books,London,183– 202 .
22.
Harvey , David . (1989) The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change,Basil Blackwell,Oxford.
23.
Inda , Jonathan Xavier & Rosaldo , Renato . (eds), (2002) The Anthropology of Globalization. A Reader,Blackwell,Oxford.
24.
Jenkins , Rhys . (1992) ‘Industrialisation and the Global Economy,’ in Hewit, T., Johnson, H. and Wield, D. (eds), Industrialisation and Development,Oxford University Press,Oxford.
25.
Kearney , Michael . (1995) ‘The Local and the Global: The Anthropology of Globalization and Transnationalism,’Annual Review of Anthropology24: 547– 65 .
26.
Lauridsen , Laurids S . (1998) ‘Globalisering, stat og økonomisk omstrukturering i Taiwan (Globalization, State and Economic Re-structuring in Taiwan)’, in Hesselberg, J. (ed.), Utviklingsgeografi (Development Geography),Tano Aschehoug,Oslo,212– 39 .
27.
Lie , Merete & Lund , Ragnhild . (1991) ‘What is She up to? Changing Identities and Values Among Women Workers in Malaysia,’ in Stølen, Kristi Anne and Vaa, Mariken (eds), Gender and Change in Developing Countries,Norwegian University Press,Oslo,147– 64 .
Lie , Merete & Lund , Ragnhild . (1999) ‘Globalisation, Place and Gender,’AI & Society13: 107– 23 .
30.
Lim , Linda Y.C . (1983a) ‘Capitalism, Imperialism and Patriarchy: The Dilemma of Third World Women Workers in Multinational Factories,’ in Nash, June and Fernández-Kelly, Maria P. (eds), Women, Men and the International Division of Labour,State University of New York Press,Albany, 70– 92 .
31.
Lim , Linda Y.C . (1983b) ‘Are Multinationals the Problem? No.’Multinational Monitor,August, 14, 16 .
32.
Lim , Linda Y.C . (1985) Women Workers in Multinational Enterprises in Developing Countries,International Labour Organization,Geneva.
33.
Lim , Linda Y.C . (1997) ‘Capitalism, Imperialism and Patriarchy: The Dilemma of Third World Women Workers in Multinational Factories,’ in Visvanathan, Nalini et al. (eds), The Women, Gender and Development Reader,Zed Books,London,204– 15 .
34.
Long , Norman . (2001) Development Sociology. Actor Perspectives,Routledge,London.
35.
Lund , Ragnhild . (2000) ‘Geographies of Eviction, Expulsion and Marginalisation: Stories and Coping Capacities of the Veddhas, Sri Lanka,’Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift–Norwegian Journal of Geography54(3): 102– 109 .
36.
Lund , Ragnhild & Lie , Merete . (1989) ‘The Role of Women in the New International Division of Labour: The Case of Malaysian Women in Norwegian Industry,’ Norwegian Journal of Geography43(2): 95– 104 .
37.
Marcus , George E . (1995) ‘Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography,’Annual Review of Anthropology24: 95– 117 .
38.
McDowell , Linda . (1997) Capital Culture: Gender at Work in the City,Blackwell,Oxford.
39.
Mitter , Swasti . (1986) Common Fate, Common Bond. Women in the Global Economy,Pluto Press,London.
40.
Nash , June & Fernández-Kelly , Maria Patricia . (1983) Women, Men and the International Division of Labour,State University of New York Press,Albany.
41.
O’Connor , David & Wong , Chia Siew . (1983) ‘Are Multinationals the Problem? Yes,’Multinational MonitorAugust, 15 .
42.
Ong , Aihwa . (1987) Spirits of Resistance and Capitalist Discipline: Factory Workers in Malaysia,SUNY Press,Albany, NY.
43.
O’Riordan , Timothy . (2001) (ed.), Globalism, Localism and Identity: Fresh Perspectives on the Transition to Sustainability,Earthscan,London.
44.
Robertson , Roland . (1992) Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture,Sage,London.
45.
Rudie , Ingrid . (1994) Visible Women in East Coast Malay Society,Scandinavian University Press,Oslo.
46.
Sassen , Saskia . (1998) Globalization and its Discontents,The New Press,New York.
47.
Sassen , Saskia . (2000) ‘Women’s Burden: Counter-Geographies of Globalization and the Feminization of Survival,’Journal of International Affairs53(2): 503– 25 .
48.
Schirato , Tony & Webb , Jen . (2003) Understanding Globalization,Sage,London.
49.
Steger , Manfred B . (2002) Globalism: The New Market Ideology,Rowman & Littlefield,Lanham and Oxford.
50.
UNDP (United Nations Development Program) (1999) Human Development Report,United Nations,Geneva.
51.
Visvanathan , Nalini , Duggan , Lynn , Nisonoff , Laurie & Wiegersma , Nan . (eds), (1997) The Women, Gender & Development Reader,Zed Books,London.
