The boundaries of states and nations do not necessarily coincide. As imagined and
unstable constructs, they are contested and have shifting borders. States tend to
regulate their citizenry through selective processes of inclusion and exclusion on the
lines of gender and ethnicity. These define who is included within the state's self-
definition and who is excluded from the collective self-image, enabling the state to
exert power and control over those within its boundaries. This article analyses how
through civics education in Pakistan the image of the ideal (gendered) citizen is
created that deprives some groups and women of access to full citizenship.
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