¹ Gurwood, ed., Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington xii, (London, 1838), p. 473.

² Op. cit., p. 478.

³ Op. cit., p. 116.

⁴ See Supplementary Despatches, Correspondence and Memorandum of Field Marshal Arthur Duke of Wellington, x (London, 1858), pp. 513-31, for the Memorandum. See WP2/93/17, Wellington to Gurwood, 4 Oct. 1842, `I don't mean that this paper should be published!' It would seem that the 2nd Duke was unaware of the background to this Memorandum and the reasons for him not wanting it to be published. This issue is examined in my forthcoming book, 1815: The Waterloo Campaign: The German Victory.

⁵ Wellington, Supplementary Despatches x, p. 523.

⁶ War in History VI (1) (1999), p. 106, n. 41.

⁷ Alice, Countess of Strafford, Personal Reminiscences of the Duke of Wellington by Francis, the First Earl of Ellesmere (London, 1903), p. 236, Letter from Charles Arbuthnot to Egerton, 22 July 1842.

⁸ See Age of Napoleon XXII, pp. 32-40.

⁹ Lt. Col. Charras, Histoire de la Campagne de 1815: Waterloo (Paris, 1869), i, p. 124.

¹⁰ Militärwochenblatt XXXI (Berlin, 1847), p. 180.

¹¹ D. Hafner, `Hans Carl Ernst von Zieten', Militärisches (Jan. 1896), p. 252.

¹² Op. cit.

¹³ Op. cit.

¹⁴ BL Add MS 34,708, fos. 265-87.

¹⁵ Op. cit.

¹⁶ De Bas and T'Serclaes de Wommersom, `La campagne de 1815 aux pays-bas', vol i, p. 394.

¹⁷ BL Add MS 34,708, fos. 265-87.

¹⁸ De Bas and T'Serclaes de Wommersom, Campagne i, p. 394.

¹⁹ Charras, Histoire i, p. 124.

²⁰ Geheimesstaatsarchiv preúischer Kulturbesitz (GStA), Rep 92, Gneisenau, A48, fo. 32.

²¹ De Bas and T'Serclaes de Wommersom, Campagne i, p. 375.

²² Gurwood, Dispatches xii, p. 473.

²³ Ollech, Geschichte des Feldzuges von 1815 (Berlin, 1876), p. 96.

²⁴ Wellington, Supplementary Despatches x, p. 481.

²⁵ De Bas and T'Serclaes de Wommersom, Campagne i, p. 388.

²⁶ Op. cit. p. 393.

²⁷ Hafner, p. 253.

²⁸ Ollech, Geschichte, p. 96.

²⁹ Algemeen Rijksarchief, Coll. 66.

³⁰ Wellington, Supplementary Despatches x, p. 480.

³¹ Op. cit., p. 524.

³² Müffling, Aus meinem Leben (Berlin, 1851), p. 228.

³³ United Service Journal (USJ), Part II (1841), p. 172.

³⁴ Müffling, Leben, p. 229.

³⁵ Op. cit., p. 229.

³⁶ USJ Part II (1841), p. 172; Müffling, Leben, p. 229.

³⁷ GStA, Rep 92, Gneisenau, A48, fo. 32.

³⁸ Gurwood, Dispatches xii, p. 473.

³⁹ Op. cit., pp. 473-4.

⁴⁰ Pflugk-Harttung, Vorgeschichte der Schlacht bei Belle-Alliance: Wellington (Berlin, 1903), p. 63.

⁴¹ Gurwood, Dispatches xii, p. 474.

⁴² War in History VI (1999), p. 116.

⁴³ Ollech, Geschichte, p. 96.

⁴⁴ Hafner, p. 252. See also Pflugk-Harttung, ªDie preúische Berichterstattung an Wellington vor der Schlacht bei Lignyº, pp. 43 f. This contains Zieten's response to an enquiry from Grolman dated 19 Jan. 1819 asking for details of when and how the former reported the outbreak of hostilities to Wellington, in which Zieten stated in his reply dated 21 Jan. 1819: `As all correspondence with Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington had to be conducted in the French language, and as in 1815 I did not have an officer, whose command of the French language was good enough to write it, I had to conduct the entire correspondence with Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington myself; that is why there is no copy on file of the report I sent to Brussels at 3.45 a.m. [he means 4.45 a.m.] on 15 June 1815 by a Courier Jäger whose name escapes me.'

⁴⁵ Gurwood, Dispatches xii, p. 473.

⁴⁶ B. Jackson, Notes and Reminiscences of a Staff Officer (London, 1903), p. 12.

⁴⁷ PRO WO 37/12, fo. 2.

⁴⁸ There is, of course, Napier's famous Waterloo letter, in which he claims Wellington told him that Müffling took 30 hours to ride 30 miles with the despatch. This story has made its way into the anglophone mythology of the campaign even though it clearly conflicts with the facts of the situation.

⁴⁹ Algemeen Rijksarchief, Coll. 66

⁵⁰ Wellington, Supplementary Despatches x, p. 481.

⁵¹ PRO WO 37/12, fo. 2.

⁵² Wellington, Supplementary Despatches x, p. 523. It is interesting to note that while Wellington claimed to Bathurst in his `Waterloo Despatch' of 19 June 1815 that he first heard of these events `in the evening', in the USJ of 1841 an officer of Picton's division recorded the arrival of the news at 3 p.m. In his `Waterloo Memorandum' of 1842, Wellington first mentioned 3 p.m. as being the time of the arrival of the news. One wonders if the publication of the account of the officer of Picton's division now made it difficult for the Duke to maintain the version he told originally.

⁵³ USJ Part II (1841), p. 172.

⁵⁴ Haffner, p. 252.

⁵⁵ Müffling, Leben, p. 228.

⁵⁶ BL Add MS 34706, fos. 460-1.

⁵⁷ Ollech, Geschichte, pp. 99-100.

⁵⁸ USJ Part II (1841), p. 172.

⁵⁹ Müffling, Leben, p. 229.

⁶⁰ Wellington, Supplementary Despatches x, p. 481.

⁶¹ Op. cit., x, p. 480.

⁶² GStA, Rep 92, Gneisenau, A48, fo. 93.

⁶³ War in History VI (1999), p. 116.

⁶⁴ USJ Part II (1841), p. 172.

⁶⁵ USJ (Aug. 1841), pp. 541-2.

⁶⁶ Müffling, Leben, p. 229.

⁶⁷ Gurwood, Dispatches xii, p. 473.

⁶⁸ Op. cit., p. 473.

⁶⁹ Wellington, Supplementary Despatches x, p. 476.

Reply to John Hussey: At What Time on 15 June 1815 Did Wellington Really Learn of Napoleon's Attack on the Prussians?

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