A Volatile American-Driven Relationship: The Republic of Vietnam and the Philippines During the Vietnam War (1964–1973)

Abstract

This article examines the diplomatic relations between the Republic of Vietnam and the Philippines throughout the Vietnam War, which took place from 1965 to 1973. It uses untapped source materials from the Vietnam National Archives Centre 2, in conjunction with secondary sources, to chronologically narrate and analyse the events of this relationship. The article posits that Saigon attempted to secure the assistance of friends, such as the Philippines, but Manila was unsuccessful in adequately establishing and sustaining its relationship with South Vietnam. There are two significant historical phases of this connection, organized in chronological order. During the first period, from 1964 to 1968, the Republic of Vietnam actively utilized Manila's support through Philippine Civic Action Group and Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. This involved accepting non-combatant Filipino personnel in South Vietnam. During the second phase (1969–1973), Saigon viewed Manila's response with suspicion as Marcos established ties with communist-led states and withdrew itself from the Vietnam conflict. Saigon attempted to strengthen the relationship by acknowledging the military withdrawal of the Filipino armed forces and requesting Manila's recognition of the legitimacy of the Republic of Vietnam. Saigon also sought Manila's support in attaining full membership in Association of Southeast Asian Nation. However, Manila's excessive reliance on US foreign policy led to a lack of policy stability, which significantly impacted Manila's foreign policy and worsened the Saigon–Manila relationship throughout the Vietnamization era.