Recently, endotoxin research has benefited from the cross fertilization of two fields of study. Investigation into the cellular actions of the anticancer drug, taxol, has suggested novel tools with which to investigate the signaling apparatus that mediates macrophage activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. 2 In turn, this research may ultimately cause a re-examination of the belief that microtubules are the singular molecular target for taxol and suggest additional potential mechanisms for the antineoplastic actions of taxoids. The aim of this chapter is to review the actions of taxol on macrophages and the evidence that taxol engages the LPS signaling apparatus. Microtubule-independent targets for taxol are proposed, as is the use of taxol as a novel tool for endotoxin research.
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