Transgender Men and Homosexuality in the Southern Philippines: Ethnicity,Political Violence and the Protocols of Engendered Sexualities amongst the Muslim Tausug and Sama

Blanchetti-Revelli L. 1993. Masigpit and mamuno: War, resettlement and ethnic dynamics in the formation of a Samal migrant community in Balabac. Pilipinas, 21, 29–50

Bruno J. 1973. The social world of the Tausug. Manila: Centro Escolar University.

Cannell F. Unpublished. Catholicism, spirit mediums and the ideal of beauty in a Bicolano community, Philippines. [Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1992]

Man Che G.K. 1990. Muslim separatism: The Moros of Southern Philippines and the Malays of Southern Thailand. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila Press.

Endicott K. 1970. An analysis of Malay magic. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Errington S. 1990. Meaning and power in a Southeast Asian realm. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Ewing J.F. 1955. Juramentado: Institutionalized suicide among the Moros of the Philippines. Anthropological Quarterly, 28 (4), 148–55.

Frake C. 1993. Current anthropological studies of Muslim societies of the Philippines. Pilipinas, 21, 1–4.

Geertz C. 1960. The religion of Java. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press of Glencoe.

George T.J.S. 1980. Revolt in Mindanao: The rise of Islam in Philippine politics. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.

Gowing P.G. 1979. Muslim Filipinos: Heritage and horizon. Quezon City: New Day.

Gowing P.G. 1983. Mandate in Moroland: The American government of Muslim Filipinos. Quezon City: New Day.

Hart D.V. 1968. Homosexuality and transvestism in the Philippines: The Cebuan Filipino Bayot and Lakin-on. Behaviour Science Notes, 3, 211–48.

Horvatich P. 1993. Keeping up with the Hassans: Tradition, change, and rituals of death in a Sama community. Pilipinas, 21, 51–72.

Johnson M. Forthcoming. Negotiating style and mediating beauty: Transvestite (gay-bantut) beauty contests in the Southern Philippines. In Cohen C. , and others, ed. Beauty queens on the global stage: Gender, contests, and power. London: Routledge.

Johnson M. Unpublished. Beauty and power: Transgender-homosexual men and the mediation of potency in the Southern Philippines. [Ph.D. thesis, University of London, in progress]

Keeler W. 1987. Javanese shadow plays, Javanese selves. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Keesing R. 1984. Rethinking mana. Journal of Anthropological Research, 40 (1), 137–56.

Kiefer T. 1987. A note on cross-sex identification among musicians. Ethnomusicology, 12 (1), 107–09.

Kiefer T. 1972. The Tausug: Violence and law in Philippine Moslem society. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Kiefer T. 1988. Parrang sabbil: Ritual suicide among the Tausug of Jolo. In Gowing P.G. , ed. Understanding Islam and Muslims in the Philippines. Quezon City: New Day, 53–67.

Levy R. 1971. The community function of Tahitian male transvestitism: A hypothesis. Anthropological Quarterly, 44 (3), 12–21.

McKenna T. 1990. Islam, elite competition and ethnic mobilization: Forms of domination and dissent in Cotabato, Southern Philippines. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International. [Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Davis]

McKenna T. 1992. Martial law, Moro nationalism, and traditional leadership in Cotabato. Pilipinas, 18, 1–17.

McKenna T. 1993. The sources of Muslim separatism in Cotabato. Pilipinas, 21, 5–28.

Mageo J. M. 1992. Male transvestism and cultural change in Samoa. American Ethnologist, 19 (3), 443–59.

Majul C. 1973. Muslims in the Philippines. Manila: University of Manila Press.

Majul C. 1985. The contemporary Muslim movement in the Philippines. Berkeley: Mizan Press.

Miller D. 1994. Style and ontology. In Friedman J. , ed. Consumption and identity. New York: Harwood Academic Publishers, 45–70.

Moore E.R. 1981. Women and warriors: Defending Islam in the Southern Philippines. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International. [Ph.D. thesis, University of California, San Diego]

Murray S.O. ed. 1992. Oceanic homosexualities. London: Garland Publishing.

Nanda S.J. 1990. Neither man nor woman: The Hijras of India. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing.

Nimmo H.A. 1978. The relativity of sexual deviance: A Sulu example. Papers in Anthropology, 1, 19, 91–97.

Noble L.G. 1987. Muslim grievances and the Muslim rebellion. In Lande C.H. , ed. Rebuilding a nation: Philippine challenges and American policy. Washington D.C.: The Washington Institute Press.

Rixhon G. 1972. Ten years of research in Sulu, pp. 1961–1971. Sulu Studies, 1, 1–18.

Shore B. 1981. Sexuality and gender in Samoa: Conceptions and missed conceptions. In Ortner S. Whitehead H. , ed. Sexual meanings: The cultural construction of gender and sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 192–215.

Sutlive V.H. 1992. The Iban Manang in the Sibu district of the third division of Sarawak: An alternative route to normality. In Murray S.O. , ed. Oceanic homosexualities. London: Garland Publishing, 273–284.

Tan S. 1977. The Filipino Muslim armed struggle, pp. 1900–1972. Manila: Filipinas Foundation.

Tan S. 1987. Moro secessionism in the Philippines. ICES Ethnic Studies Report, 5/2, 1–8.

Ugarte E. 1992. Muslims and madness in the Southern Philippines. Pilipinas, 19, 1–24.

Van der Kroef J.M. 1954. Transvestism and the religious hermaphrodite in Indonesia. University of Manila Journal of East Asiatic Studies, 3, 257–65.

Warren J.F. 1981. The Sulu zone, pp. 1768–1898. Singapore: Singapore University Press.

Whitehead H. 1991. Institutionalized homosexuality in native North America. In Ortner S. Whitehead H. , ed. Sexual meanings: The cultural construction of gender and sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 80–115.

Whitham F.L. 1992. Bayot and callboy: Homosexual-heterosexual relations in the Philippines. In Murray S.O. , ed. Oceanic homosexualities. London: Garland Publishing.

Wikan U. 1977. Man becomes woman: Transsexualism in Oman as a key to gender roles. Man, NS, 12, (2), 304–19.

Winkler J. 1990. The constraints of desire: The anthropology of sex and gender in ancient Greece. London: Routledge.

Winzeler R. 1992. Amok: Historical, psychological and cultural perspectives. In Karin W.J. , ed. Emotions of culture: A Malay perspective. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 96–122.