The Life and Death of Alexander Bogdanov,Physician

1 Kuzminykh NA . Arkhitekt novogo mira. K biografii Alexandra Bogdanova (Architect of a new world. Towards a biography of Alexander Bogdanov). Vestnik Ross Akad Nauk 1992; 6: 57–78.

2 Malinovsky AA Bogdanov . Autobiography . In: Haupt G Marie JJ , eds. Makers of the Russian Revolution. Biographies of Bolshevik Leaders. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1974: 286–304.

3 Bogdanov A . Red Star. The First Bolshevik Utopia (transi. Rougle C ). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1984.

4 Nikola Ivanovich Bukharin, 1888–1938, Russian Communist leader and theoretician. Originally a close collaborator with Lenin and Stalin, he fell out with the latter and was tried and executed in 1938. He eulogized Bogdanov at the latter's funeral.

5 Bogdanov A . Essays in Tektology . The General Science of Organization, 2nd edn (trans Gorelik G ). Salinas, CA: Intersystems Publications, 1984.

6 Gloveli GD . “Socialism of science” versus “socialism of feelings”: Bogdanov and Lunacharsky. Studies in Soviet Thought 1991; 42: 29–55.

7 Gorelik G . Bogdanov's Tektologia, general systems theory and cybernetics. Cybernetics and Systems An International Journal, 1987; 18: 157–75.

8 Zeleny M . Tectology. Int J General Systems, 1988; 14: 331–43.

9 Lenin VI . Materialism and Empirio-criticism. New York: International Publishers, 1927.

10 “Menshevik”, a Russian word meaning “minority member”, derives from the 1903 split of the Social Democratic Party into the radical Bolsheviks and more liberal, constitutionally minded Mensheviks. As the years went by after the revolution, to be designated a Menshevik became increasingly unhealthy.

11 Letter from Bogdanov to NA Semashko (Health Commissar), NI Bukharin, and IV Stalin, 19 January 1928, marked “Not delivered in view of changed circumstances”. Russian Centre for the Preservation and Study of Documents of Recent History, Moscow, Fund 259, Schedule 1, Item 41, pp1-12.

12 Bogdanov A . Perviy God Raboty Instituta Perelivania Krovi (Proceedings of the First Year of the Institute of Blood Transfusion). Moscow: Institute of Blood Transfusion, 1927.

13 Koldomasov LI . Letter to AA Malinovski, 10 August 1973, Malinovski family records, unpublished. Most of the details in the account are from Koldomasov's letter, some from Konchalovski MP. Na Novom Pole (In a New Field). Moscow: State Scientific Institute of Blood Transfusion, 1928: xii-xxvi. Some minor discrepancies exist between the two accounts.

14 Graham LR . Bogdanov's inner message. In: Bogdanov A . Red Star: The First Bolshevik Utopia. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1984: 241–53.

15 Konchalovski MP (op. cit. ref 13): xii-xxvi.

16 Billington JH . The Icon and the Axe. New York: Knopf, 1966: 490.

17 Bogdanova NB Concerning AA Bogdanov-Malinovski (for the Brain Institute), letter dated 6 December 1928, Malinovski family records, unpublished 18 Malinovski AA. Notes concerning his father, AA Bogdanov, Malinovski family records, unpublished.

19 Bogdanov AA . Handwritten progress notes, Malinovski family records, unpublished.