The life and careers of Cecile, Marthe and Marguerite Vogt are chronicled in this article during an era where women were not readily accepted in the upper echelons of academia. By exploring important questions, these women made major contributions to the broad base of scientific knowledge which impacted the fields of neurobiology in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, infectious disease, and oncogenesis. As a result, each was considered the elite of her respective field and achieved an enduring legacy.
The early years of Cecile Vogt are chronicled in: Klatzo I and Zu Rhein G. Cecile and Oskar Vogt: the visionaries of modern neuroscience. Acta Neurochir 2002; (Suppl. 80): pp. 1–124; Series Editor Hans-Jakob Steiger; Vienna; Springer. Whonamedit-Cecile Vogt in: A dictionary of medical eponyms, www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/996.html (accessed 9 May 2017). Satzinger H. Femininity and science: the brain researcher Cecile Vogt (1875–1962). In: Bleker J (ed.) Die Eintritt der Frauen in die Gelehrtenrepublik. Husum: Matthiesen, 1998, pp.2–9.
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Riley M. Publications by Cecile and Oskar Vogt and letters by Oskar Vogt. Archives and rare books. Bernard Becker Memorial Library, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 2016.
KlatzoIZu RheinG. Cecile and Oskar Vogt: the visionaries of modern neuroscience. Acta Neurochir2002; Suppl. 80: Preface–Preface.
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DeichmannU. Biologists under Hitler, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996, pp. 117–118; 219–221.
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KlatzoIZu RheinG. The Visionaries of Modern Neuroscience. Acta Neurochir2002; Suppl. 80: 110–112.
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See Reference 3.
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Cuthbert AW. Marthe Louise Vogt. 8 September 1903–9 September 2003; Biogr Mem Fell Royal Soc 2005; 51: 411–413. See also: Greenfield Susan. Marthe Louise Vogt F.R.S. (1903–). In: Bindman L, Brading A and Tansey T (eds) Women physiologists: an anniversary celebration of their contribution to British Physiology. London: Portland Press, 1993, pp.49–50.
Dale HH, Feldberg W and Vogt M. Release of acetylcholine at voluntary nerve endings. J Physiol 1936; 86: 318–341. As an addendum to this paper, Dale acknowledged that the key to the success of this study was the addition of physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, to the perfusate to limit the breakdown of acetylcholine. In: Sir Henry Dale. Adventures in physiology. London: The Wellcome Trust, 1953, p.586.
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Representative studies carried out by Marthe Vogt while working in Verney’s laboratory include: Verney E.B. and Vogt Marthe. An experimental investigation into hypertension of renal origin, with some observations on convulsive ‘uraemia’. Quart J Exp Physiol 1938; 28: 253–303. Marshall, FHA, Verney EB and Vogt M. The occurrence of ovulation in the rabbit as a result of stimulation of the central nervous system by drugs. J Physiol 1939; 97: 128–132. Verney EB and Vogt M. Observations on the effects of renal ischemia upon arterial pressure and urine flow in the dog. Quart J Exp Physiol 1943; 32: 35–65.
VogtM. The output of cortical hormones by the mammalian suprarenal. J Physiol1943; 102: 341–356.
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VogtM. Observations on some conditions affecting the rate of hormone output by the suprarenal cortex. J Physiol1944; 103: 317–332.
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VogtM. Cortical secretion of the isolated perfused adrenal. J Physiol1951; 113: 129–156.
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FeldbergWVogtM. Acetylcholine synthesis in different regions of the central nervous system. J Physiol1948; 107: 372–381.
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GaddumJHPeartWSVogtM. The estimation of adrenaline and allied substances in blood. J Physiol1949; 108: 467–481.
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VogtM. The concentration of sympathin in different parts of the central nervous system under normal conditions and after the administration of drugs. J Physiol1954; 123: 451–481.
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HolzbauerMVogtM. Depression by reserpine of the noradrenaline concentration in the hypothalamus of the cat. J Neurochem1956; 1: 8–11.
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Greenfield Susan. Marthe Louise Vogt F.R.S. (1903–2003). In: Bindman L, Brading A and Tansey T (eds) Women physiologists. London: Portland Press, 1993, p.51. Cuthbert A. Biogr Mem Fell Royal Soc 2005; 51: 419–420.
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MuschollEVogtM. The action of reserpine on the peripheral sympathetic system. J Physiol1958; 141: 132–155.
A Site in Tribute to Doctor Marguerite Vogt; Bibliography in drosophila research, www.uky.edu/∼djones/Vogt.html (accessed 16 May 2017).
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DulbeccoRVogtM. Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses. J Exp Med1954; 99: 167–182.
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VogtMDulbeccoR. Virus cell interaction with a tumor-producing virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1960; 46: 365–370. (Vogt M and Dulbecco R. Significance of continued virus production in tissue cultures rendered neoplastic by polyoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1960; 46: 1617–1623).
VogtMHaggblomCYearginJet al.Independent induction of senescence by p161NK4a and p21CIPI in spontaneously immortalized human fibroblasts. Cell Growth and Diff1998; 9: 139–146.
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Special Collection of Archives. Marguerite Vogt Collection (1925–2001). (MSS 06881). The Library UC San Diego, http://library.ucsd.edu/speccoll/findingaids/mss0688.html/#aspace_ref285_t0z (accessed 19 May 2017). Wellcome Library. The Library of Wellcome Collection. Archives and Manuscripts. Vogt Dr. Marthe Louise (1903–2003). In addition, the New York Times published a feature article on Marguerite Vogt. Angier, Natalie. Scientists at work—Marguerite Vogt: A Lifetime Later, Still in love with the lab. The New York Times. 10 April 2001. Personal vignettes of Marguerite Vogt can also be found in: Remembering Marguerite. Inside Salk. The Salk Institute for Biological studies. Nov. 2007, pp.6–7. www.salk.edu/insidesalk/pdf/insidesalk-11.07.pdf.
