ASEAN,China and the South China Sea Dispute

1 Stein Tønnesson, `Can Conflicts Be Solved by Shelving Disputes?', Security Dialogue, vol. 30, no. 2, June 1999, pp. 179-182, on p. 180.

2 Barry Buzan, `A Sea of Troubles? Sources of Dispute in the New Ocean Regime', Adelphi Paper no. 143 (London: IISS, Spring 1978).

3 Zakaria Ahmad was the Head of the Strategic and Security Unit, University Kebangsaan Malaysia. See `China's Warning on Spratlys Raises Spectre of Armed Clashes', The Straits Times, 11 March 1992.

4 Suisheng Zhao, `China's Periphery Policy and Its Asian Neighbors', Security Dialogue, vol. 30, no. 3, September 1999, pp. 335-346.

5 Lee Lai To, `The South China Sea: China and Multilateral Dialogues', Security Dialogue, vol. 30, no. 2, June 1999, pp. 165-178.

6 Leni Stenseth, `The Imagined Threat of China in the South China Sea', Security Dialogue, vol. 30, no. 3, September 1999, pp. 347-351.

7 See, for example, Michael McDevitt, `China and the South China Sea - A Conference Summary Report' (report of a roundtable held on 11 March 1999 at the Center for Naval Analysis, Washington, DC).

8 Philippines Foreign Undersecretary Lauro Baja, quoting Pentagon officials in `Expect Larger Chinese Force in Spratlys, Manila Told', The Straits Times, 17 April 1999.

9 See ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea, signed in Manila, 22 July 1992.

10 Song Yann-Huei, Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea: Taiwan's Perspective (East Asia Institute Occasional Paper Number 14, 1999), p. 27. For more information on the Workshops see lan Townsend-Gault, `Preventive Diplomacy and Pro-Activity in the South China Sea', Contemporary South East Asia, vol. 20, no. 2, August 1998.

11 See Felix K. Chang, `Beijing's Reach in the South China Sea', Orbis, vol. 40, no. 3, Summer 1996, pp. 353-374.

12 See `Beijing: Feel Free to Cross S. China Sea', The Straits Times, 18 May 1999.

13 Daniel J. Dzurek, `China Occupies Mis-chief Reef in Latest Spratly Gambit', IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin, April 1995, pp. 65-71.

14 Michael Leifer, `Chinese Economic Reform and Security Policy: The South China Sea Connection', Survival, vol. 37, no. 2, Summer 1995, pp. 44-59.

15 John W. Garver, `China's Push Through the South China Sea: The Interaction of Bureaucratic and National Interests', The China Quarterly, no. 132, December 1992, pp. 1027-1028.

16 Tim Huxley & Susan Willett, `Arming East Asia', Adelphi Paper no. 329 (London: IISS, 1999); `Asian Military Spending: A Casualty of Bad Times', International Herald Tribune, 23 October 1998.

17 `Beijing Is Biggest Security Threat in Region: Estrada', The Straits Times, 19 May 1999.

18 See Greg Englefield, `Managing Boundaries in the South China Sea', IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin, July 1994, pp. 36-38; E. F. Durkee (President, Cophil Exploration Corporation), `Spratly Islands Not So Rich After All', Philippine Daily Inquirer, 13 March 1995, FBIS-EAS-95-052.

19 Xinhua News Agency, 8 September 1998, FBIS-CHI-98-251.

20 See Hasjim Djalal, `Joint Development in Cases of Dispute', draft paper presented at 13th Asia-Pacific Roundtable, Concurrent Session Five, 1 June 1999.