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References
1.
1 Paul E. Gallis, `NATO Enlargement: The Process and Allied Views', Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1 July 1997, pp. 1-15, on p. 15.
2.
2 `NATO Enlargement and Ukraine', Basic Papers , no. 16, 11 April 1996.
3.
3 `NATO's Eastward Enlargement: Turkish Parliament Appears Unwilling', Turkish Daily News , 1 May 1998.
4.
4 Robert J. Art, `Creating a Disaster: NATO's Open Door Policy', Political Science Quarterly , vol. 113, no. 3, Fall 1998, pp. 383-404, on p. 383. See also David S. Yost, `The New NATO and Collective Security', Survival , vol. 40, no. 2, Summer 1998, pp. 135-160, on p. 139. For various scenarios for a second enlargement round see Karl-Heinz Kamp, `NATO Entrapped: Debating the Next Enlargement Round', Survival , vol. 40, no. 3, Autumn 1998, pp. 170-186.
5.
5 Alexei K. Pushkov, `A View from Russia', in Jeffrey Simon, ed., NATO Enlargement: Opinions and Options (Washington DC: National Defense University, 1995), pp. 134-135.
6.
6 Richard Pipes, `Is Russia Still an Enemy?', Foreign Affairs , vol. 76, no. 5, September/October 1997, pp. 65-78, on p. 76.
7.
7 The Ukrainian Parliament ratified the Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership Treaty on 14 January 1998. However, it did not ratify the three Black Sea Fleet agreements. Russia's Federation Council ratified the treaty on 17 February 1999, but inserted the reservation that the treaty could go into effect only upon Ukraine's ratification of these three agreements. See `Federation Council Passes Ukrainian Treaty, Adds Conditions', RFE/RL Newsline , 17 February 1999; and Keesing's Record of World Events , vol. 43, no. 5, 1997, pp. 41,659-41,660. The Ukrainian Parliament finally ratified the three agreements on 24 March 1999. See `Ukrainian Parliament Ratifies Black Sea Fleet Agreements with Russia', RFE/RL Newsline , 25 March 1999.
8.
8 `Russia Criticizes Naval Exercises in Black Sea', RFE/RL Newsline , 25 August 1997; and Keesing's Record of World Events , vol. 43, no. 7/8, p. 41,787.
9.
9 Daniel Williams, `Russian and US Aides Quarrel About Kosovo', International Herald Tribune , 16 June 1998.
10.
10 `Russia Ends NATO Cooperation', RFE/RL Newsline , 25 March 1999.
11.
11 `Turkey and BSEC Countries', Bulletin of Foreign Economic Relations Board , Istanbul, April 1997, pp. 1-8.
12.
12 `Russian Crisis Is Felt in Turkey', Turkish Probe , no. 294, 30 August 1998, p. 16.
13.
13 E. Borisenko & I. Semenenko, `Black Sea Economic Cooperation', International Affairs (Moscow), vol. 44, no. 1, 1998, pp. 91-97, on p. 97.
14.
14 See Pavel Felgenhauer, `Europe Is Losing Its Balance', Moscow Times , 13 February 1997.
15.
15 The author refers to a 23-page typescript of the INOBIS report, which he privately obtained. A summary of the report can be found in Segodnia , 20 October 1995. See Richard F. Staar, `Moscow's Plans to Restore its Power', Orbis , vol. 40, no. 3, Summer 1996, pp. 375-389, on p. 379.
16.
16 Glen E. Howard, `Scuds Threaten Shaky Stability', Jane's Intelligence Review Pointer , vol. 9, no. 6, June 1997, p. 1; and `Rokhlin Details Arms Supplied to Armenia', FBIS-SOV-97-067, 3 April 1997.
17.
17 Russian Nuclear and Missile Exports to Iran , Issue Brief on WMD [weapons of mass destruction] in the Middle East, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, 1998. See also Mustafa Kibaroglu, `Is Iran Going Nuclear?', Foreign Policy (Ankara), vol. 20, no. 3-4, 1996, pp. 35-55.
18.
18 See Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security Between NATO and the Russian Federation , Paris, 27 May 1997, Chapter 4, `Political-Military Matters'.
19.
19 Crispin Hain-Cole, `Taking Up the Challenge of CFE Treaty Adaptation', NATO Review , vol. 45, no. 6, November-December 1997, pp. 16-19.
20.
20 Duygu Bazoglu Sezer, `Russia and the South: Central Asia and the Southern Caucasus', European Security , vol. 5, no. 2, Summer 1996, pp. 303-323, on p. 319.
21.
21 See Ariel Cohen, `The U.S. Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia: Building a New Silk Road to Economic Prosperity', Heritage Foundation Backgrounder , no. 1132, 24 July 1997, pp. 1-17, on p. 13; and F. Stephen Larrabee, `U.S. and European Policy toward Turkey and the Caspian Basin', in Robert D. Blackwill & Michael Sturmer, eds, Allies Divided: Transatlantic Policies for the Greater Middle East (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997), pp. 143-174, on p. 173.
22.
22 Study on NATO Enlargement , September 1995, paras. 18-20.